People
German monk whose protests against the Catholic Church in 1517 led to calls for reform and the reformation.
Who is Martin Luther
A government ruled by religious leaders who claim Gods authority.
What is Theocracy
The Enlightenment
any answer along the lines of "A time of optimism and possibility from the late 1600's to the late 1700's; also called the age of Reason"
French philosopher and author; He advocated a tolerant approach to religion. He also argued against intolerance.
Who is Voltaire
Pardons issued be the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church that could reduce a souls time in purgatory; from the 1100's to the 1500's _____ could be purchased, which led to corruption.
What are Indulgences
Old v. New Science
old science - believe in god and don't question authority
new science - question everything and try to solve every problem with reason
Polish astronomer; he proposed the heliocentric (sun-centered) theory of the universe.
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus
A religious movement in the 1500's that split the Christian Church in Western Europe and led to the establishment of a number of new churches.
Old v. New Government
old - one person in charge 'destined by god'
new - multiple branches in charge
French protestant theologian of the reformation who founded Calvinism, which was associated with the doctrine of predestination.
Who is John Calvin
The belief that at the beginning of time God decided who would gain salvation.
What is Predestination
The Columbian Exchange
the transfer of plants, animals, and disease between the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa
French philosopher; he explored democratic theories of government. He proposed separation of powers (three branches of government) and greatly influenced the U.S. Constitution.
Who is Baron de Montesquieu
The Catholic Churches series of reforms in response to the spread of Protestantism
What is Counter-Reformation
Mercantilism
an economic system which held that a nations power was directly related to its wealth