French Revolution/Napoleon
The establishment of a provisional government by the 3rd estate out of frustration for their lack of representation in the Estates General
What is the Tennis Court Oath?
A philosophy emphasizing the importance of the impact of humans on earth and their actions, rather than solutions of divinity
What is Humanism?
A policy which was abolished in the 19th century in Russia, far later than in most of the rest of Europe
What is Serfdom?
A cheap fuel source, abundant in Britain, which was the driving force of the Industrial Revolution
What is coal?
A scientist who published a study on the hereditary nature of certain positive qualities, and encouraged breeding between those who had said positive qualities
Who is Francis Galton?
A document drafted by French Revolutionaries in 1789
What is the Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citzen?
Author of the 95 theses, highly critical of the Catholic Church and their indulgences, highly influential figure in the Reformation
Who is Martin Luther?
The last head of the Romanov royal family of Russia, who brutally suppressed revolutions across the country and started a war in Manchuria
Who is Tsar Nicholas II?
The primary invention which energized the Industrial Revolution and automated a significant amount of labour
A conference held by the main European powers of the 19th century, determining which empires would colonize which parts of Africa
What is the Berlin Conference of 1884?
A group of revolutionary thugs who would bully French citizens who were still supportive of the monarchy, in order to sway public opinion
Who were the Sans Culottes
An Italian philosopher who outlined the characteristics of a leader, including that they should be feared, supported, virtuous and intelligent
Who is Niccolo Machiavelli?
A 19th century philosopher who is the father of modern socialist thinking, and believed that the proletariat should control the means of production
Who is Karl Marx
A group of people who believed that Industrialization would take away their jobs, and protested Industrialization heavily
Who are the Luddites?
A European leader who took personal control of the Congo, and killed between 10 and 20 million Congolese people in his extraction of rubber and other natural resources
Who is King Leopold II?
A document signed in 1804 which gave Napoleon control over the Catholic Church in France, and the support of the Pope
What is the Concordat?
The inventor of the printing press, an invention which helped spread the ideals of the Reformation, Renaissance and Enlightenment
Who is Johannes Gutenberg?
What is The Great Purge?
A law passed in Britain which changed the laws around child labour, and made it more difficult to employ children for long hours
What is the Factory Act of 1833?
The idea that certain groups with "undesirable" qualities should be sterilized, as not to pass said "undesirable" qualities on to further generations
What is Negative Eugenics?
A series of diplomatic meetings between European powers which ensured peace in Europe after the Napoleonic era
What is the Congress of Vienna?
A philosopher who believed in the value of the individual, and the importance of thinking for oneself
Who is Immanuel Kant?
A faction of the Russian Communist Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, who formed the authoritarian Russian government after the Russian Revolution
Who were the Bolsheviks?
The mass migration of farmers and rural labourers to city centers as a result of the creation of factories and the abundance labour demand
What is Urbanization?
A collective African identity, as opposed to identities based on colonial borders, intended to combat the legacy of colonialism in Africa
What is Pan African Thought?