Civil Rights Activism
What were some forms of protests that segregated minorities did
boycotts, sit-ins, and marches,
2 examples of resistance
the Little Rock Crisis (1957) and the Birmingham Campaign (1963)
The Civil Rights Act of 1964,
Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson outlawed segregation in public places, prohibited employment discrimination, and provided tools for enforcing desegregation
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, declaring that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional and setting a precedent for broader desegregation efforts
The Fair Housing Act of 1968,
passed shortly after Martin Luther King Jr.’s assassination, prohibited housing discrimination, marking another legislative milestone in the fight for civil rights
What were the tactics of African Americans back then, and give an example of one person
Nonviolent protest, Martin Luther King Jr.,
What was the Black Power movement
A group that questioned the efficacy of nonviolence and advocated for more assertive approaches to achieving racial justice
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
Addressed systemic barriers to voting, such as literacy tests and poll taxes, dramatically increasing voter registration among African Americans in the South
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
struck down state laws banning interracial marriage, affirming the principle of equal protection under the law
What was the victory and what still needed to be changed
Legislative and judicial victories laid the foundation for greater racial equality, but systemic inequalities in housing, employment, and criminal justice persisted
What was one example of a boycott?
The Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955–1956), sparked by Rosa Parks’ arrest, successfully ended segregation on public buses in Montgomery and showcased the power of coordinated, nonviolent resistance
What was the significance of the Selma to Montgomery marches (1965)
It highlighted both the persistence of nonviolent activism and the violent resistance it often encountered,
Executive Order 9981
Executive actions, such as President Harry Truman’s desegregation of the armed forces
Miranda v. Arizona (1966) and Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
expanded individual liberties by ensuring due process rights and legal protections for the accused
What did the achievements of the civil rights movement era inspire
inspired subsequent movements for equality, including women’s rights, and immigrant rights
What was the NAACP
the nation's oldest, largest, and most influential civil rights organization, founded in 1909 to fight racial discrimination and secure social, educational, political, and economic equality for Black Americans.
What is an example of white supremacists and local governments employing tactics such as legal obstruction, intimidation, and violence to slow progress
Birmingham Campaign (1963)
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, (EEOC), which continues to combat workplace discrimination based on race, gender, and other factors
Plessy v. Ferguson,
the Court’s ruling stated that “separate but equal”
What year led to the Voting Rights Act
1965