Dates
Justinian becomes Byzantine Emperor
527 CE
What territories General Belisarius reconquered for the Empire?
North Africa and Italy.
What caused the Nika Revolt and how did it get its name?
-Chariot racing fraction tensions
-high taxes and government
-"Nika" --> victory chant
What is Justinian's code (the Corpus Juris Civilis) is and why was it needed?
- a comprehensive collection and revision of Roman law
-Justinian wanted to make his population legal and in orderly fashion and organized.
What are the Five Pillars of Islam.
1. Declaration of faith. 2. Obligatory prayer. 3. Compulsory giving. 4. Fasting in the month Ramadan. 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca.
Hagia Sophia is rebuilt
532-537 CE
How did Justinian rise to power, and his motto as emperor?
Justinian was born a peasant, and joined with his uncle in Constantinople. His uncle rose to commander. And then Justinian ruled in 527 after his uncle passed.
What was Empress Theodora's role during the Nika Revolt?
Theodora saved Justinian I's throne, and she delivered a speech that convinced Justinian to stay and fight instead of fleeing.
What are the two branches all law is divided into Justinian's Code.
Private and Public Law.
What is the Al-Andus and how long did Muslim rule lasted?
-was the medieval Muslim-ruled territory(in Spain and Portugal
-lasted 781 years 771-1492 CE
The Nika Revolt
532 CE
What are Justinian's three most famous achievements, and the years of his reign?
Hagia Sophia, Corpus Juris Civilis, and the reconquest of the lost Western Roman territories.
Who crushed the Nika Revolt, and what happened to the original Hagia Sophia during it?
Belisarius and Mundus crushed the Nika Revolt, and the Hagia Sophia burnt down.
Describe Muhammed's early life, including his work and marriage to Khadijah.
-born in Mecca in 570 CE
-was raised by his uncle
-at about 25, married Khadijah(was a widow)
-became his first convert
What is the most lasting mathematical contribution of the Islamic world?
-invention/formalization of algebra as independent discipline
The Hijra(Muhammed's migration from Mecca to Medina)
622
What does the term "Byzantine Empire" refer to?
It is the continuation of the Roman Empire into the East during Middle Ages.
When was the Hagia Sophia Rebuilt? Who designed it?
537 CE. It was rebuilt by Anthermius and Isidore.
What happened to Muhammed around age 40 on Mount Hira?
-saw visions of Angel Gabriel
-was revealed the religion he would teach
-was recorded as the Koran
Why did the Islamic Spain (Al-Andalus) matter for the preservation of ancient knowledge?
-served as vital geographical/cultural bridge that reconnected ancient Greek, Roman, and Persian knowledge back into Western Europe
The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
A.D 628
What is a pendentive and why did it matter to Hagia Sophia's design?
Pendentive: curved triangular piece that transitions a square room into a circular base. It is important because the domes push both down and outward with a strong force. The pendentive catches the heavy weight safely.
What is the Hijra and why does it matter to the Islamic calendar?
-was rejected/threatened in Mecca
-fled into Medina in 622 CE