Random
Ethnic Enclaves
Most immigrants lived in ethnic enclaves, which were neighborhoods where large groups of immigrants moved to be with others from their home country. These enclaves had many people of similar backgrounds, cultures, and languages, BUT were often the most rundown parts of a city
Monopoly
Control of an entire industry with no competitors. Can control the price of a good or service
Horizontal Monopoly
Owns all competing stores/companies and has no competition
Ex. Disney
Impacts of RR - Imigrants
US became the land of opportunity where the Industrial Revolution provided a lot of jobs for unskilled/uneducated workers
Many were fleeing political, ethnic, or religious persecution in their countries for a safer US
Many worked in sweatshops, which were hot, crowded, and dangerous with few restrictions
Ex. (Triangle Shirtwaist fire, NYC, 1911)
Most lived in crowded slums with poor sewage and ventilation.
Ellis Island
Waiting time ~1 Day, had people/families from many different backgrounds, and smaller rejection rate
Assimilation
The US government policy to “civilize” Native Americans by stripping them of their culture and “Americanizing” them
The Labor Union
Organization of workers who increase their power by organizing as a group and speaking with one voice
Ex. The Labor Movement
Progressivism
Reform movements that sought to raise living standards and correct wrongs in American society. Focus on social, political, and economic reforms
Ex. Civil Rights, Conservation, Health, etc.
Industrialization
When American business, factories and economy grew quickly during the late 1800’s/1900’s
Improved transportation: Ships, railroads, and canals help ship goods faster and farther away
New inventions & technologies: Goods could be produced more efficiently with new machines/processes
Andrew Carnegie (Steel Monopoly)
Bought all steps of the process
Ex. Mines, production, and shipping
Vertical Monopoly
Owns all the “means of production” from Raw Materials to Finished Product
Ex. Google/Netflix
Strikes
When workers refuse to work as a form of protest
Impacts of RR - Economy
An economic BOOM occurred due to helping quickly move goods and people.
A wider range of consumers
More consumers = more things had to be made
There was a massive need for more labor (workers) and machines (inventions)
The Great Migration
Effects on Urbanization: African American migrants moved into Northern cities during the Great Migration, looking for better jobs/opportunities
Ex. Detroit, St. Louis, Chicago, & New York City
Effects on Industrialization: A.A. became a cheap source of labor, so factories could continue to make products cheaply and quickly.
Waiting time ~2-3 weeks, mostly male workers, and higher rejection rate
Corporations
Businesses owned by shareholders, who are invest/buy a part of the company to help it grow
“The Jungle” by Upton Sinclair
Written in 1906 about the horrors of the meat-packing industry in Chicago
The immigrants who worked in the factories and meat-packing plants were mostly from eastern and southern Europe
Impacts of RR - Environment
Many people moved out of rural areas into cities
Cities (urban) = Opportunity/jobs
Cities grew and factories/industrial areas thrived
Many people had to live in tenements, which were run-down, overcrowded, unsanitary, and unsafe apartments
The “Gilded” Age: 1870’s-1900
A time when business/economy BOOMED in America. However, only a few Americans became very rich most were still living in poverty/struggling.
11 out of 12 lived below poverty line!
Powerful Americans controlled politics, the economy, and the working environments
Grants
Federal grants are $$$ issued by the government in hopes to support the states with projects
*Grants are a way the national government can “control” state governments.
Ex. Basically, the National Government saying “Behave states OR no money!” (Good/Bad)
John D. Rockefeller (Oil Monopoly)
Controlled all pipelines and refineries made deals with railroads/shipping companies
Muckrakers
Writers and journalists who exposed corruption in American Society
Ex. Upton Sinclair and The Jungle
Impacts of RR - Migrants
People leave rural areas for better opportunities in the cities
RR always for easy touch from rural areas to cities
Westward expansion booms and the West gets more and more populated
The RR allows for more natural resources/products to be shared coast-to-coast
Impact of Reformers
Reformers worked to help immigrants, the poor, and those in need in cities.
Established settlement houses in poor neighborhoods
Provided everything from medical care, English classes, and even hot lunches for factory workers.
You Did it Girrrl!
You Know it!!