Industrial Revolution & The Imperial Wave
Large deposits of iron and coal in England created favourable conditions for the ________ in the 18th century
Industrial Revolution
A U.S. statement of principles at the turn of the last century to preserve China as an independent country by keeping it open to trade with all nations. It prevented the total division of China by foreign powers.
Open Door Policy (1899,1900)
A human-made waterway, which was opened in 1869, connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea
Suez Canal
Became the young emperor after the collapse of the Shogunate. He realized the need for reform. This reform came through his reign know as the Meiji (Enlightened Rule).
Emperor Mutsuhito (1852-1912)
a political system based on practicality over moral principles; the welfare of the state comes first
Realpolitik
European powers between 1880-1914 scrambled to take possession of Africa whether for national pride, economic benefit or ethnocentric reasons.
The Scramble for Africa
A revolt by the people of China against the ruling Manchu Dynasty because of their failure to deal effectively with the opium problem and the interference of foreigners; Christian inspired rural rebellion
Taiping Rebellion 1850
____ and Prussia battled for control of the German states
Austria
King of Prussia from 1861 to 1888 and emperor of Germany from 1871 to 1888; he chose Otto Von Bismark as Prussia's prime minister, and together they unified Germany.
Wilhelm I of Prussia
In 1905 Japan defeated which major power, which signalled that its industrialization and
modernization progress was a success and that the country was emerging as a major world
power in its own right?
Russia
the king of Belgium who set off "The Scramble for Africa" in the late 1800s; Henry Morton Stanley helped him map out the previously unexplored Congo.
King Leopold II of Belgium
Ultraconservative empress in Qing (Manchu) dynasty China. Ruled china in the turbulent late 19th century, as an Empress Dowager. A champion of Manchu values and neo-Confucianism
Empress Dowager Cixi
To break the spirit of Chinese resistance, Japanese General Matsui Iwane ordered that the city of ______ be destroyed. Much of the city was burned, and Japanese troops launched a campaign of atrocities against civilians.
Nanjing
English lord sent as a diplomat to the court of Qianglong in 1792 to create a trade balance between England and China; he failed
George MacCartney
Treaty which ended the first Opium War and limited Chinese sovereignty because of concessions to England - Hong Kong, money, low tariffs, open five ports to trade, and access for foreigners
Treaty of Nanjing (1842)
Indian member of the British Parliament who pointed out the many pros and cons of the British colonization of Africa. He sought to prove that Britain was draining money out of India.
Naoroji (1825-1917)
A Chinese scholar-official of the Qing Dynasty best known for his role in the First Opium War (1839-42) with Great Britain. His forceful opposition to the British opium trade was a primary catalyst for the First Opium War. He is praised for his constant position on the moral high ground in his fight, but he is also blamed for a rigid approach which failed to account the complexities of the situation.
Lin Zexu (1785-1850)
Chinese territory that was in dispute between Russia and Japan
Port Arthur, Manchuria
Indian writer, poet, and philosopher; promoted pride in national Indian consciousness; wanted to assert India's right to be independent without denying the importance of what India could learn from abroad.
Rabindranath Tagore
Conflict between the Russian and Ottoman Empires fought primarily in the Crimean Peninsula over control for the Black sea and for protection of the Orthodox subjects of the Ottoman sultan. To prevent Russian expansion, Britain and France sent troops to support the Ottomans. Russians realized the need to industrialize.
Crimean War (1853-1856)
peaceful meeting of major western powers to set rules for establishing colonies in africa and to determine who gets what; encouraged the establishment of European colonies in Africa
Ended Japan's two-hundred year period of economic isolation, establishing an American consulate in Japan and securing American coaling rights in Japanese ports. Japan agreed to open two ports to American ships.
Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)
the port that the Qing China controlled trade with Western powers; only place Europeans could trade with China in the 17th-19th century.
*Also known as Canton
Guangzhou
The founding father of Islamic Modernism; An intellectual who asserted that Muslims could be politically unified and also maintain their faith. Stressed the need for Western scientific learning and technology.
al-Afgani
A city in Sourth Sudan. Brirtain and France nearly declared war when they faced eachother here even though the territory was of no important to either country. This is called the ____ incident.
Fashoda