Age of Enlightenment
What was the age of Enlightenment about?
The Enlightenment, was an intellectual and cultural movement in the 16th - 18th century that emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith.
What was the Storming of the Bastille? Why did it happen?
The people of the Third Estate were tired of being mistreated and having little representation in the government. So, they stormed the Bastille, hoping to gather ammunition and show a sign of rebellion against the monarchy of France. This event marked the beginning of the revolution. This occurred on July 14th, 1789.
What was the purpose of slavery?
Cheap labor in the Americas.
Napoleon rose to power in France after the French Revolution, becoming what type of leader?
Military dictator
What year did the Haitian Revolution begin?
1791
What was a Salon?
The salon was a private social gathering where a mixture of elite guests openly discussed art, literature, philosophy, music, and politics.
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
The third estate declared itself the National Assembly, King Louis XVI held a meeting with the estates general but locked out the third estate. In response, the third estate gathered on a tennis court and formed the Tennis Court Oath. This occurred on June 20th, 1789. They swore to not disband until a new constitution was made.
How were the conditions on the ships that brought the slaves to the Americas?
Confined spaces, rampant in diseases, torture, rape, and death.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
He became Emperor of the French in 1804 after rising to prominence during the French Revolution.
Who was the prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution known for his military strategies and governance reforms?
Toussaint Louverture
Were women allowed to participate in a Salon? Yes or No?
Yes
What was each estate called? Which estate had to pay taxes?
First Estate: Clergy
Second Estate: Nobility
Third Estate: Common People
The Common people had to pay taxes.
What is the triangular trade?
The first leg of the trip was sending European products from Europe to Africa, where they were traded for slaves. Then, the slaves were transported to the Americas and sold. Then the products that the slaves produced would go back to Europe and so on.
What title did Napoleon Bonaparte parte have as a leader?
Emperor of france
What was the primary economic product that enslaved people in Saint-Domingue (Haiti) were forced to cultivate, which significantly contributed to the colony's wealth?
Sugar
Who was Voltaire and what did he believe in?
Voltaire was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher. He believed in the efficacy of reason and advocated freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state.
What was the Declaration of Rights of Men? Give two examples of them.
The National Assembly created the Declaration of Rights of Men in the summer of 1789. It consisted of rights for all men (and women) of France. Some of them were freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press.
What was the Code noir?
The Code noir was a decree passed by King Louis XIV of France in 1685 defining the conditions of slavery in the French colonial empire.
What is the Napoleonic Code?
Napoleon's series of reforms, codified into a legal system, are known by this name.
Which French leader, who rose to power after the Haitian Revolution, sought to restore slavery in the colonies and faced resistance from former enslaved leaders?
Napoleon Bonaparte
What are 2 differences between Locke & Hobbes?
- Hobbes had a pessimistic view of human nature. He believed that humans are naturally selfish, driven by a desire for self-preservation and power. Contrastingly, Locke had a more optimistic view. He believed that humans are rational and capable of cooperation.
-Hobbes believed life without government was difficult, while Locke believed people have the right to rebel.
What was the reign of terror? Who played a large role in it? Hint* he was the reason for several executions
The Reign of Terror was a violent time period that occurred from September of 1793 to July of 1794. It was a time full of violence and paranoia, as violence was used by the revolutionaries on anyone who did not share the same views as them. Many nobles and people fighting for the monarch's rule were executed, sometimes even publicly. One of the main leaders of the revolution was Maxamillian Robespierre, who is commonly blamed for the Reign of Terror.
What were the themes of some of the laws?
Catholicism, health care, protection, family relations, prohibitions.
What difference did Napoleon Bonaparte make?
He divided and conquered in war
What was the name of the 1804 declaration issued by Jean-Jacques Dessalines that proclaimed Haiti's independence from France and marked the formal end of colonial rule, establishing Haiti as the first black republic?
The Declaration of Independence