Confirmation of Repeatedly Reactive Anti-HIV Screening Test Results
HIV Antigen and Gene-Based Testing
100
Has RNA as its genetic material and uses
RNA as a template for DNA
synthesis.
What is a retrovirus.
100
This established value is the minimum level of antibodies indicating reactivity in which immunoassy test result are determined.
What is the cut-off value.
100
This sheet is provided by all the manufacturers of FDA-approved rapid HIV testing kits.
What is a subject information sheet.
100
This method used most often as a confirmatory test for the detection of HIV-1 antibodies.
What is western blot.
100
In this method, the cells are treated with an enzyme-labeled secondary antibody and are examined using a simple light microscope.
What is Immunohistochemical staining.
200
A particle consisting of a
core of RNA called the genome and
a protein component surrounding
the genome known as the capsid.
What is a Virion.
200
This must be done due to the serious implications of a positive (reactive) result to confirm the accuracy of the result.
What is additional (duplicate) testing.
200
These controls need to be tested to verify that reagents have not been adversely affected if the temperature deviates from the acceptable limits for storage or testing.
What is external, liquid controls.
200
Similar to HIV-1 western blot method, this method may be used as a confirmation of HIV-2 infection.
What is a recombinant immunoblot method.
200
This assay is used to locate HIV-1 antigen in infected cells treated with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies
against p17 or p24.
What is Immunofluorescence assay (IFA).
300
More prevalent in West Africa than anywhere else in the world. It was first isolated in West Africa in 1986 from patients with AIDS.
What is HIV-2.
300
This may be required by some laboratories to eliminate the possibility of a false-positive due to an incorrectly labeled specimen or specimen contamination.
What is a fresh specimen.
300
This must be checked for every test kit and the
control before proceeding with testing.
What is the expiration date.
300
According to CDC guidelines, a Western blot pattern is considered this when showing reactivity to one or more antigens but does not conform to the criteria for a positive test.
What is indeterminate.
300
A gene-based method that can detect very small amounts of genetic material earlier than antibody or antigen test methods.
What is Nucleic acid testing (NAT).
400
The major structural protein in HIV-1, and the major structural protein in HIV-2.
What is p24 and p26.
400
During this time period, there is an active viral replication where the patient is infectious, but will not test positive
with an HIV antibody method.
What is the window period.
400
This is used to report the test result as reactive when present in the test area (T) and control area (C).
What is a colored indicator.
400
HIV viral antigens derived from virus grown in culture are separated by this, according to their molecular weights, then transferred onto a nitrocellulose paper/strip.
What is electrophoresis.
400
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What is a congratulations!!!
500
When this glycoprotein binds with CD4 and the co-receptor,
the HIV spike known as gp41 is exposed facilitating the entry of HIV into the host cell.
What is gp120.
500
Current immunoassay methods for detection of HIV
antibodies use this principle in which HIV antibodies present in a serum are bound to recombinant HIV antigens.
What is the antigen sandwich principle.
500
This method uses a single-use test device that has HIV
antigens bound to a test membrane or strip, read visually with a performance monitor requiring the use of external, liquid controls at a defined frequency.
What is the colormetric method.
500
According to the CDC guidelines, to be considered positive, a tested specimen should show reactivity to at least two of these three antigens.
What is p24, gp41 and gp120/160.
500
Before this time (development of specific detectable antibodies), high viral titers make it possible to identify RNA of the HIV-1 virus by Nucleic acid testing (NAT).