Assessment
HIV Pathophysiology
Stages of HIV
Risk Reduction
HIV Pharmacotherapy
100
Which of the following is not a significant risk factor for HIV in the US
IV drug use, Multiple sexual partners, Blood transfusions, being older
What is blood transfusions
100
A virus that carries its genetic material in the form of ribonucleic acid
What is a retrovirus
100
What demographic group is most commonly associated with HIV
MSM accounted for 78% of all new HIV infections among men and 68% overall in 2010
100
What region is most affected by HIV according to the World Health Organization
Sub-Saharan Africa - of the 36.9 million persons living with HIV, 25.8 million of those are in this region.
100
What factor is the greatest predictor of successful treatment of HIV infection
What is medication compliance
At 48 weeks, 72% of patients achieved virologic suppression, with ≥90% adherence
200
Which of the following is the most definitive test for HIV
Viral Load testing, CD4 Count, HIV Antibody Screening test, Western Blot, GC swab
What is a Western Blot test
200
This nucleotide is at the core of the HIV virus
What is RNA
200
The period from initial infection with HIV to when a person develops HIV-specific antibodies is also known as
What is Stage 0
200
True or false:
Hormonal contraceptive use has been linked to an increased risk of HIV
True - Although the cause-and-effect relationship has not been established
200
How many drugs are recommended to be prescribed for successful viral suppression of HIV
What is three
300
What is illustrated by the following image?
What is Kaposi's Sarcoma
300
Cells targeted by HIV
What is T-lymphocytes with CD4 receptors
300
This stage of HIV infection occurs when the CD4 count drops below 500
What is Stage 2
300
True or False:
A patient in Wyoming can be subjected to compulsory testing after an occupational exposure by healthcare professionals
True
300
Which of the following factors negatively impact anti-retroviral therapy compliance
Excessing alcohol use, mental illness, depression, active substance abuse, poverty, lifestyle
What is all of the above
400
True or False:
Good nursing assessment skills are essential for detecting HIV infections early
What is false
400
A mutation in what receptor that is common in Caucasians results in greater resistance to HIV
What is CCR5
400
This stage is when HIV is firmly established within the host and neutralizing antibodies can be detected
What is Stage 1
400
Type of IV system developed to reduce the risk of HIV exposure to healthcare professionals
What is a needleless system
400
What 2 laboratory tests are used to help assess the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy
What is CD4 count and viral load
500
What assessment finding is illustrated by this picture
What is facial lipoatrophy
500
HIV rapidly mutates resulting in a huge challenge in developing what common defense strategy
What is vaccination / vaccine development
500
True or False:
The number of CD4 T-lymphocytes used to determine the stage of HIV infection is consistent across the patient age groups
What is False
The number varies greatly depending upon age
FI - in infants stage two is defined by 750-1499 vs adults 200-499
500
When should an HCP be tested after occupational exposure to HIV
What is at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 months after exposure
500
What drug is recommended for chemoprophylaxis for patients with a CD4 count of less than 200 cells
What is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
(Bactrim)
600
True or False:
Profound changes in motor function can occur from HIV infections
What is true.
HIV-related brain changes have profound effects on cognition, including motor function, executive function, attention, visual memory, and visuospatial function
600
Which form of HIV is more common in western Africa
What is HIV-2
600
True or False:
Stage 3 HIV infection is best predicted by CD4 count
False:
Regardless of CD4 count, the client is determined to be stage 3 if they have a defining opportunistic illness
600
This once-common procedure conducted on males can reduce the risk of heterosexually acquired HIV by approximately 60%
What is circumcision
600
What is PrEP?
Pre-exposure prophylaxis - daily medication to reduce the chance of getting HIV
Truvada, a tenofovir/emtricitabine combination used for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis can reduce the risk by as much as 90%