Deprivation
A socio-economic theory suggesting that poverty, poor housing, and low educational attainment are passed down through generations, creating a self-perpetuating, integrating loop.
Cycle of Deprivation
What is Belmont, Arizona
UHIE stands for?
Urban Heat Island Effect
What is a natural type of risk cities could face?
- Tsunamis
- Floods
- Wild Fires
- Earthquakes
- Global Warming/ Climate related stress
A large urban planning concept creating zones where through-traffic is restricted, prioritizing pedestrians, cyclists, and green space
Superblocks
This is the name for the index that measures deprivation
Multiple Deprivation Index (MDI)
The two neighborhoods we studied for "Contested Land Use"
The East Side (Chicago) and Vila-Autodromo (Rio)
Green Roofing/Green Enveloping
What is a human-made risk cities could face?
-corruption
-crime
-terrorism
-low healthcare access
- homelessness
-unemployment
-poor quality schools
-infrastructure failures
What are the two causes of urbanization?
Name 3 Causes of social deprivation
1. unemployment
2. Poverty
3. lack of education
4. Deindustrialization
5. Lack of Investment
6. Out migration
The city and country we studied for Traffic Management
Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
Cities tend to have less reflective materials (lots of dark surfaces, less snow, less vegetation) which means more heat is absorbed. This concept of reflectivity of surfaces is called what?
Albedo
This refers to the addition of new technology or features to older and existing systems
What is Retrofitting
Measured in Decibels, this negatively affects both health and behavior.
What is noise pollution?
Define Crime Hotspot and name 2 characteristics of them.
Areas where crime rates are particularly high. These areas often have similar characteristics, including:
Easy access and lack of security
Higher numbers of offenders
High levels of residential buildings
A lack of services
A lack of a police station
Name the city used for our Air Pollution case study and describe 1 health and 1 economic impact of air pollution on it's residents
Delhi India
Health: babies born with low birth weights, tumors. Increased levels of respiratory illness and asthma, lowered life expectancy
Economic: lowered working days due to days with high levels of pollution, less tourism because people don't want to visit if there's a lot of pollution, increased health care spending
What is two ways traffic congestion could be managed?
- Better Public Transit Systems
- Carpooling/ sharing/ park & rides
- Toll charges
- Bicycle networks
- Reducing speed limit
- More traffic lights
- Pedestrian only plazas/ car-free zones (Super Blocks)
This shows how much economic output 279 cities would lose annually on average (GDP@Risk) from 22 man-made and natural threats.
Lloyd's City Risk Index
This is a number between 0-100 (100 being the best) that measures the walkability of any address.
Walk Score
What are 3 ways to manage urban social deprivation?
1. Improving housing access and quality
2. Improving education
3. Reducing crime
4. Improving mobility
5. Increasing access to services
6. Reducing unemployment
7. Increasing access to green space
The name of the city and location we studied for eco-city design
What is Vancouver, Canada
Heat released to the atmosphere as a result of human activities, often involving combustion of fuels.
What is a Resilient City?
Capacity of individuals (systems) within a city to survive, adapt, and grow no matter what kinds of chronic stressors they experience.
These are the "4 Actors" in Contested Land Use
Businesses
Government
Residents
Civil Society Groups