Where's Waldo?
BIG BRAIN
Don't let PETA find out
it's that me depresso
100
What molecule is used as reference when looking at n-acetyl-aspartate?
Creatinine
100
What is one thing that must happen to obtain neurotrophins' active form?
Protein cleavage, ~250AA to 100-120AA
100
What significant protein have we found in depression-resistant rodents?
dFosB
100
What physiological mechanism—related to the immune system—is hypothesized to play a role in depression?
Inflammation/neuroinflammation
200
What hypothesis of depression would we use CD11b+ and Iba-1 to test?
Neuroinflammation hypothesis, CD11b+ and Iba-1 stain for microglia
200
What are the 3 ways PRO-BDNF is converted into its mature form?
Furin, vesicles+proconvertase, Plasmin,
200
What are some behavioral models for inducing depression in rodents, and how do we test for depression and anxiety?
Chronic social defeat stress, Chronic mild stress, Learned helplessness, Chronic unpredictable stress
TST, FST, SPT; Open field test, elevated + maze
200
What ways can we potentially biologically measure depression?
rsfMRI and PET
300
What markers would we use to detect neurogenesis?
BrdU/EdU for differentiating cells, and DCX for migrating neurons
300
Briefly describe the pathway in which neurotrophins support neuronal differentiation, indicating key proteins involved
NGF/BDNF/NTs bind to TrK receptors, MAPK, PI-3 Kinase, Phospholipase C activated, apopotosis signaling (p53, bax/bad) inhibited, CREB + dFosB expression
300
Design an experiment where you would test the influence of diet on depression.
Fat-1, TST/FST/SPT
300
What are the neural correlates of depression? State at least 4.
Lower ACC activity
Lower hippocampal volume
Decreased activity and size of left PFC
Overactive/larger amygdala
Dysregulated HPA Axis
Decreased neurotransmitter levels
400
What markers would we use to compare BDNF release between Val/Val vs Met/Met?
DsRed/GFP to stain for neurons/BDNF, MAP2 to stain for dendrites
400
Describe the pathway that regular exercise increases BDNF production
Exercise increases Ca2+, activates CaMKs/calcineurin, increases CREB, then PGC1a. With prolonged exercise, PGC12a gets phosphorylated by AMPK to increase FNDC5, then irisin gets released into the blood and crosses the BBB to release BDNF
400
Name things we can inject into mice/rats to induce depression and how they would do so
Glucocorticoids - stress response
MKP-1 - inhibits CREB/BDNF release
LPS - Neuroinflammation
IL-6 etc
Bonus: Delta Jun D
400
Interpret the graph.
More studies supporting that s-allele has greater sensitivity to depression