Understanding Health
What is the WHO definition of health?
A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Identify ONE key health issue affecting young Australians.
Accept appropriate examples relevant to Australian young people, such as mental health concerns, physical inactivity or other issues identified in health reports.
What is the role of the skeletal system in movement?
It provides support and structure and works with muscles and joints to allow movement.
Which energy system is predominant during a 5-second maximal sprint?
ATP-PCr.
What is the difference between a gross motor skill and a fine motor skill?
Gross motor skills involve large muscle groups and larger movements, while fine motor skills involve smaller, more precise movements.
What does it mean to describe health as dynamic?
Health changes over time due to interactions between the dimensions of health and an individual's circumstances.
Identify TWO protective factors that can support the mental health and wellbeing of young people.
Examples include connectedness, resilience, coping strategies, sense of purpose, self-efficacy, health literacy and help-seeking behaviours.
What are the three types of muscle contraction?
Concentric, eccentric and isometric.
What does FITT stand for?
Frequency, Intensity, Time and Type.
What are the three stages of skill acquisition?
Cognitive, associative and autonomous.
What does morbidity measure?
The level or occurrence of illness or disease within a population.
What is self-efficacy, and how can it protect or enhance health?
Self-efficacy is a person's belief in their ability to successfully perform a behaviour or achieve an outcome. Strong self-efficacy can increase confidence and support positive health behaviours.
Compare Type I (dark/slow-twitch) and Type II (light/fast-twitch) muscle fibres.
Type I fibres are suited to prolonged aerobic activity and are fatigue resistant. Type II fibres are suited to powerful, high-intensity movements and fatigue more quickly.
Identify FOUR immediate physiological responses to exercise.
Heart rate, ventilation rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and lactate levels. Any four.
What is the difference between massed and distributed practice?
Massed practice involves relatively little rest between practice attempts, while distributed practice includes more rest between attempts.
Explain the difference between mortality, incidence and prevalence.
Mortality relates to deaths; incidence refers to new cases of a condition occurring over a period; prevalence refers to the total existing cases within a population at a particular time or over a period.
Identify TWO positive and TWO negative impacts of technology on young people's health.
Positive: access to health information, communication, education, social connection.
Negative: reduced physical activity, disrupted sleep, social issues, negative impacts on wellbeing.
Explain how the nervous system controls movement.
The nervous system receives and processes information and sends signals through motor neurons to muscles, causing them to contract and produce coordinated movement.
Explain how exercise intensity influences the predominant energy system used.
Higher-intensity exercise relies more heavily on anaerobic energy systems because they can provide ATP rapidly. Lower-intensity, longer-duration exercise relies more heavily on the aerobic system.
A soccer player kicks a ball and immediately feels that they have made poor contact with it. A coach then tells the player, “Your non-kicking foot needs to be closer to the ball.” Identify the two types of feedback the player receives.
Explain how determinants of health can interact to influence the health of a population group. Provide an example
Determinants can interact to influence health behaviours and outcomes. For example, socioeconomic circumstances can affect access to education, healthy food and healthcare, contributing to health inequities.
Explain ONE way an organisation or community can advocate for the health of young Australians.
Responses could include developing health campaigns, providing services, lobbying government, creating education programs or working with communities to address a specific health issue.
A soccer player prepares to kick a ball towards a teammate. Explain how the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems work together to produce this movement.
The nervous system receives information about the ball and processes it before sending signals to the appropriate muscles. The muscles contract to produce force, while the bones and joints act as levers to create the kicking movement.
Explain the role of macronutrients and micronutrients in enabling the energy systems to function efficiently.
Macronutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins provide nutrients required for energy production and body functions. Micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals support processes involved in energy production and physiological functioning. Adequate nutrition helps the body meet the demands of exercise.
A beginner is learning a new tennis serve. Their coach provides frequent feedback about their technique and breaks the skill into smaller parts.
A beginner is in the cognitive stage and requires guidance to understand the skill. Part practice can simplify a complex movement, while frequent augmented feedback can help identify errors and develop correct technique.