Lecture 1
What develops first during fetal development?
The nervous system
What connects muscle to bone?
Tendons
What type of neuron is used for special sensory?
Bipolar neurons
Which bronchus is longer in length and more horizontal?
Left primary bronchus
What is/are the layer(s) in the capillary systems
thin single layer of endothelium
What is the correct order of early embryogenesis during week 1?
Zygote --> Morula --> blastula --> embryoblast/trophoblast --> implantation
Which muscle is innervated by GVE?
cardiac and smooth
What are the two types of complex sensations?
hypoesthesia and paresthesia
Which intercostal muscle is superior-medial fiber orientation or "hands over heart"?
internal intercostal m
What are the branches off of the aorta
aorta --> brachiocephalic artery --> left common carotid artery --> left subclavian artery
What is gastrulation?
1-layer embryoblast becomes a 2-layer then three layer gastrula
List 3 types of cartilage and an example of each.
elastic - external ear, auditory tube, epiglottis
fibrocartilage - intervertebral
hyaline - costal/nose cartilage
Where are the presynaptic and postsynaptic ANS cell bodies located?
presynaptic - cell bodies in the CNS
postsynaptic - cell bodies in the ganglion
Which disease shows signs and symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough and barrel chest?
COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
List the components of the middle mediastinum.
pericardial sac, heart, phrenic nerves and roots of the great vessels
What derives from the mesoderm?
axial mesoderm - notocord
paraxial mesoderm - somite
intermediate mesoderm - reproductive and urinary systems
Lateral plate mesoderm - splanchnic and somatic divisions
What are the primary and secondary cartilaginous joint types? Where are they found?
synchondrosis [first sternochondral joint] and symphysis [pubic symphysis, intervertebral disc]
Describe the characteristics of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, what does each system do to different body systems
Slides 69 and 70 on review pptx
Describe pulmonary circulation.
supplies lungs
low O2 blood leaves right ventricle thru pulmonary trunk and arteries
high O2 blood returns to left atrium through pulmonary veins
What is the input and output of the right and left side of the heart?
-- Right side --
input: vena cava to the right atrium
output: right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
-- Left side --
input: pulmonary veins to the left atrium
output: left ventricle to ascending aorta
Describe the derivatives of the ectoderm.
surface ectoderm: integumentary tissues, oral cavity tissues, special sensory tissues, endocrine tissues
-- neuroectoderm --
neural tube: CNS
neural crest cells: PNS
Explain the process of Endochondral Ossification and give one example
begins with cartilaginous precursors
bone starts forming at primary ossification centers
bones lengthen at secondary ossification centers
example: long bones, skull base
What cranial nerves do which sensations? Walk me through all SSA SVE SVA GSA GVE GVA GSE
SSA - Special Somatic Afferent: CN 2 and 8, vision, hearing, and balance
SVE - Branchiomotor: CN 5, 7, 9, 10, 11c, skeletal muscle derived from the branchial arches
SVA - Special Visceral Afferent: CN 1, 7, 9, 10, smell and taste
GSA - Somatosensory: CN 5, 7, 9, 10, touch, temperature, pain, and proprioception
GVE - Visceromotor: CN 3, 7, 9, 10, to smooth and cardiac muscles
GVA - Viscerosensory: CN 7, 9, 10, nocio-, chemo-, baro-, mechano-sensations from visceral organs
GSE - Somatomotor: CN 3, 4, 6, 11s, 12, to skeletal mucle
What are the 2 primary muscles of respiration and its associated nerve?
diaphragm - phrenic n (C3-C5)
intercostal - intercostal n (T1-T11)
How does deoxygenated blood move from the superficial face to the lungs?
facial vein --> internal jugular vein --> brachiocephalic vein --> superior vena cava --> right atrium --> right ventricle --> pulmonary artery --> lungs