The pyramidal, extra pyramidal and cerebellar systems.
Which systems control motor function?
100
A nucleoside, the build-up of which makes you sleepy.
What is Adenosine?
100
It causes phonemic paraphasia.
What is the effect of a lesion in Broca's area?
100
This class of tumor is extraparenchymal.
What is a feature of meningiomas?
200
Unmyelinated, small diameter and synapse in the substantia gelatinosa of the dorsal horn.
What are some features of C nerve fibers?
200
Monoamines, acetylcholine and orexin.
Which neurotransmitters are important for regulating sleep and wakefulness?
200
It causes semantic paraphasias.
What is the effect of a leision in Wernike's area?
200
Edema and demyelination.
What occurs in the areas immediately peripheral to a tumor and can be seen as whiter areas on a FLAIR MR image?
300
Force-gated ion channels open in response to mechanical deformation of the skin.
How is fine touch transmitted?
300
Characterized by weakness, atrophy and diminished reflexes.
What are the characteristics of an lower motor neuron disease?
300
Dorsal root ganglion to the gracile and cuneate nuclei of the caudal medulla, axons decussate and head to the VPL of the thalamus, and then continue to the postcentral gyrus via the posterior limb of the internal capsule.
What is the route of the dorsal column/medial leminiscus pathway?
300
That the descending corticospinal tract has been disrupted somewhere along its length.
What does the presence of a Babinski sign (reflex) indicate?
300
These electrodes are placed on the right side of the skull.
What does even numbering of EEG electrodes indicate?
400
This antiepileptic drug stabilizes inactivated Na+ channels, and adverse effects include aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis.
What is carbamazepine?
400
The pathway is superior cerebellar peduncles to the thalamus, to the red nucleus, and finally the motor cortex.
What is the pathway taken by outputs from the cerebellum for trunk stabilization?
400
Bilateral lesion of this structure results syndrome presents with hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior, docility, and visual agnosia. (extra credit - name the syndrome)
What is the amygdala? What is Kluver-Bucy syndrome?
400
It suggests a subfrontal lesion in the anterior fossa.
In terms of the CNS, what does loss of smell suggest?
400
Neurofibriallary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau.
Which intracellular protein aggregates are seen in CTE?
500
In a case of demyelination there are fewer fibers conducting action potentials and the varying degrees of myelination lead to a mix of conduction velocities resulting in desynchronization.
What is the underlying neurobiology behind a broadening of the compound action potential waveform (decreased velocity and decreased amplitude)?
500
A lesion here causes contralateral hemiballismus.
What is a consequence of a lesion to the subthalamic nucleus.
500
This tract carries sensory information from the contralateral body.
What is a characteristic of the spinothalamic tract?
500
The right optic tract prior to the optic chiasm, the right optic radiation, and the right visual cortex.
Damage to which could cause a left homonymous hemianopia?