CKD
Which medicine can help tx diabetes, slow CKD, and have CV benefits?
SGLT2 inhibitors
Which diabetic medicine does not require dose adjustments for kidney disease?
Insulin
Which supplement can improve TGs in NAFLD?
Omega 3s.
Half Life of Losartan?
2 hours
Which daily antibiotic can reduce the risk of exacerbations?
Azithromycin
BP goal for CKD patients?
<130/80
If comorbid HFpEF and CKD, what medication is it recommended that patients start?
Spironolactone.
What are the current recommendations for screening for NAFLD?
None.
Safest statin in cirrhosis?
Pravastatin
If patient is unable to afford Trelegy, what is a cheaper alternative you can prescribe?
DuoNebs and Pulmicort.
Scoring system to predict if a patient will need HD in the next 5 years?
Tangri Score
Kidney Failure Risk Calculator (mdcalc.com)
Which infectious disease can acccelerate CKD progression?
Hepatitis C
What percentage of diabetic patients have NAFLD?
33-66%
Arrange these in terms of blood-pressure-lowering ability:
1. Regular aerobic exercise.
2. caffeine restriction
3. DASH diet
DASH Diet (decreases systolics by 8-14 mm Hg on average)
Aerobic exercise (decreases systolics by 8 mm Hg on average)
Caffeine restriction (decreases systolics by 5 mm Hg on average)
Deficiency in which vitamin can increase risk of exacerbations?
Vitamin D
Safest statin in CKD?
Atorvastatin and Fluvastatin
What medications are used to control edema in CKD patients if:
GFR >30?
GFR<30?
GFR >30 = thiazides
GFR<30 = loops diuretics.
Which two diabetic medicines can be helpful in NAFLD?
Pioglitazone and Semaglutide.
The two statins with the lowest side effect profile?
Pravastatin/Rosuvastatin
Triple inhalers can increase the risk of what?
Pneumonia
Name three monitoring labs in CKD.
q4-12mo Cr & electrolytes
Annual UAlb/Cr & UProt/Cr ratios
Annual PTH, 25-vitD, CBC, Fe studies.
Renal U/S at time of dx
Indications for Nephrology referral in CKD?
GFR < 30
Sudden decrease in GFR
Proteinuria (A:Cr >300)
Is biopsy required for NAFLD diagnosis?
No. Biopsy however is recommended when imaging is indeterminate.
Which statin has the highest LDL-lowering power?
Rosuvastatin
Which cell line is helpful to determine if an ICS would be helpful or not?
Eosinophils
If <100, ICS unlikely to be very helpful.
If >300, ICS will probably be helpful.