General
Osmoregulation
Thermoregulation
Challenge!
Blood glucose
100
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
100
What is isotonic?
equal concentration of solute when compared to another solution
100
In the case of thermoregulation the modulator is .........
the hypothalamus
100
What is Homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the regulation of a relatively stable internal environment within narrow limits
100
What hormone is produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans?
insulin
200
What is the independent variable in an experiment?
The variable you manipulate or vary in an experimental study to explore its effects
200
What is osmolality
the concentration of solute in a solution
200
When temperature increases and small blood vessels in the skin act as the effector, what is the response?
dilation of arterioles (vasodilation).
Could add **causing heat to be lost to the environment
200
Which cell is a plant cell? Justify
Cell 1
200
What is the receptor in blood glucose regulation?
the pancreas (specifically the islets of Langerhans)
300
Identify one difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Size
- Membrane bound organelles
- Nucleus
300
What are the two receptor types involved in osmoregulation? and what do they detect?
- osmoreceptors detects change in osmolality
- barareceptors dectects change in blood pressure (which is affected by water concentration in the blood)
300
In cold temperatures when the effector is arrector pili muscles, the response is ........
raising of hair follicles/ goosebumps
300
Identify the organelle in the electron micrograph 
Golgi apparatus
300
Glycogen is formed by a process known as........ which joins glucose molecules together.
glycogenesis
400
Identify the organelle in the electron micrograph 
chloroplast
400
ADH increases water reabsorption in the distal convoluting tubules and collecting duct of the kidney by....
increasing the number of aquaporins
400
State the type of feedback used in thermoregulation and explain how this feedback maintains homeostasis.
Negative feedback. Acts by detecting changes in the temperature of the external environment and produces a response that counteracts this change.
400
Name one structural element of the small intestine that is suitable for its function.
- long and coiled
- villi
- large surface area: volume ratio
400
How is glucose transported around the body?
in the blood plasma
500
What is the general name of a signaling molecule released from endocrine glands, which acts on a specific target cell?
a hormone
500
What hormone does the pituitary gland secrete when the body is dehydrated (increase in osmolality)?
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
500
What is conduction?
the transfer to heat through physical contact with another object
500
State the two pathways of apoptosis
extrinsic pathway and intrinsic pathway
500
When blood glucose levels fall below 5mmol/L, what hormone is secreted and which specific cells produces this hormone?
glucagon produced by the alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans.