Photosynthesis Basics
What organelle in plant cells is the main site of photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts.
During photosynthesis, plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and what gas?
Oxygen.
True or False — Breaking down glucose inside plant cells to release energy is a chemical change.
True.
What is the main job of the circulatory system?
To transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste throughout the body.
Name one healthy habit that helps keep the human circulatory system strong.
Examples: Regular exercise, healthy diet, not smoking, adequate sleep — any one is acceptable.
What pigment gives plants their green color and helps capture light energy?
Chlorophyll.
Which part of the plant usually takes in carbon dioxide from the air?
Leaves (specifically stomata on leaves).
In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is converted into the carbon in glucose. Is this an example of a physical change or a chemical change? Explain in one sentence.
Chemical change — atoms are rearranged to form new substances (glucose).
Name the liquid that carries oxygen and nutrients to cells.
Blood
What effect does regular exercise have on heart rate and blood circulation over time (short phrase)?
Regular exercise lowers resting heart rate and improves circulation/heart efficiency over time.
Name the two main raw materials (reactants) that plants need for photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide and water.
Write the simple overall chemical sentence (words) for photosynthesis showing reactants and products (use words, not formulas).
Carbon dioxide + water —(light/chlorophyll)—> glucose + oxygen (in words: carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen using light energy).
How does glucose act as energy for the plant? Give one example of how the plant uses that energy.
Glucose stores chemical energy that the plant can use for growth, making cellulose, or cellular respiration to make ATP.
What are the three main parts of the circulatory system?
Heart, blood vessels, blood.
How can too much saturated fat in the diet affect blood vessels or circulation? (One or two sentences.)
Too much saturated fat can increase plaque in arteries, narrowing them and raising risk of heart disease.
What are the two main products of photosynthesis that plants make?
Glucose and oxygen.
How does light intensity generally affect the rate of photosynthesis (increase, decrease, or no change) until another factor becomes limiting?
It generally increases (until another factor like CO2, water, or temperature becomes limiting).
During photosynthesis, bonds are formed in glucose. Is forming chemical bonds considered releasing or storing energy? Explain briefly.
Forming chemical bonds stores energy (energy is stored in the chemical bonds of glucose).
Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body?
Left ventricle.
Why is it important for blood to carry oxygen efficiently to body tissues? Give one clear reason.
Tissues need oxygen for cellular respiration to make ATP; without efficient oxygen delivery, cells cannot produce enough energy.
Besides producing glucose and oxygen, photosynthesis stores energy in what type of molecule made from glucose? (Answer should be a common plant storage carbohydrate
Starch (or other carbohydrate like cellulose for structure, but starch for storage).
Explain why chloroplasts are important for capturing energy and where inside the chloroplast the light-dependent reactions happen (name the structure).
Chloroplasts capture light energy; the light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes (thylakoid stacks/grana).
Describe the connection between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in plants in one or two sentences, focusing on energy flow.
Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose; cellular respiration breaks glucose down to release energy (ATP) for cellular work.
Explain how the circulatory system helps move the products of photosynthesis (sugars) from leaves to other parts of a plant (focus on transport systems — use plant terms, not animal-only terms).
Plants use phloem to transport sugars from leaves to roots and growing parts (source to sink), so while animals use circulatory blood vessels, plants move photosynthesis products via phloem.
Explain how smoking or secondhand smoke can harm the circulatory system in one or two sentences.
Smoking damages blood vessels, increases plaque formation, raises blood pressure, and reduces oxygen-carrying capacity — all harm circulation.