Body System Functions
What does the nervous system do?
It regulates the body's responses to changes in the environment (inside and out).
The ______ system obtains oxygen and the ______ system delivers it to cells.
What do lysosomes help cells do?
Remove waste from the cell.
What do ALL cells do in order to maintain homeostasis?
They obtain energy from nutrients and remove waste products.
What structure prevents food from entering the respiratory system?
The Eppiglottis
What does the circulatory system do?
It moves materials through the body (nutrients, wastes, oxygen).
The _______ system obtains nutrients while the ______ delivers them to cells.
digestive; circulatory
What do ribosomes produce?
Bonus 100 points: What are ribosomes made of?
Proteins
rRNA and Ribosomal Proteins
How does the body maintain a balanced temperature?
by shivering or sweating depending on the outside temperature
Why are capillaries the smallest type of blood vessel, and why do they branch out? (Hint: think of the purpose of villi in the small intestine)
To increase surface area in locations where gas exchange happens, so more gas can be exchanged much faster (larger surface area to diffuse, more volume of gas diffused).
What are the functions of each type of blood vessel?
Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart
Veins: Carry blood back towards the heart
Capillary beds: Connect veins and arteries, where gas exchange happens in blood tissue.
The _____ system senses low blood oxygen and the _______ system breathes faster.
Nervous; respiratory
The mitochondria breaks down glucose (with the use of oxygen) into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.
List the pathway that air takes INTO and BACK OUT OF the respiratory system.
Air INTO the Respiratory System (in order):
Nose (or Mouth)
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Air OUT of the Respiratory System (in order):
Alveoli
Bronchioles
Bronchi
Trachea
Larynx
Nose (or Mouth)
What does the endocrine system do?
It produces and deliver hormones to different parts of the body.
The ____ system senses burned skin and the ____ system moves away by reflex.
Nervous; muscular
Name 3 components that help make up a cell membrane (Hint: there are more than 3).
Phospholipids (hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails)
protein channels
protein pumps
cholesterol
carbohydrates (for chemical signaling)
Describe one process in the body that involves positive feedback loops and one that involves negative feedback loops.
Positive: Blood clotting (platelets), Contractions before and during labor...
Negative: Heating/cooling (Temp), Blood pressure, blood glucose levels...
Identify the major waste products released by each of the organs of the excretory system
1 Lungs
2 Liver
3 Skin
4 Kidneys
1 Lungs: carbon dioxide (CO2)
2 Liver: Toxins (Alcohol, drugs). Bile (technically)
3 Skin: Sweat (nitrogenous waste: Urea and Ammonia)
4 Kidneys: Urine (Urea, and creatinine)
What is the purpose of the integumentary system (skin, hair, nairs)?
This acts as a physical barrier to the external environment (protects the internal environment).
The _____ system senses high body temperature, and the _____ system increases blood flow to skin to remove heat.
Nervous; circulatory
Which part of the cell is responsible for cellular reproduction?
The nucleus drives mitosis. (cell division with same genetic material-- how tissue grows)
How does the body maintain balanced levels of blood glucose?
The pancrease secretes two hormones: to help absorb glucose into cells (insulin) or for the liver to allow more glucose (glucagon).
Describe how a person sees and kicks a ball using the following terms: Central Nervous System (Brain and/or spinal cord), Stimuli, Motor Neuron, Sensory Neuron, effector organ.
person sees ball with eyes, eyes send signal (visual stimuli) to brain via sensory neurons, central nervous system (brain/spinal cord) process info (see ball and decide to kick), CNS send message to kick to effector organs (muscle in legs) via motor neurons.