the process in which there is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concentration
100
What is protein synthesis?
a process within a cell in which amino acids are joined together to make a protein. It requires a messenger RNA and takes place on ribosomes.
100
What is energy conversion?
the process of changing one form of energy into another.
100
What are vacuoles?
A space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.
100
What is Homeostasis?
The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, esp. as maintained by physiological processes
200
What is Active Transport?
The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy
200
Name a example of Protein synthesis.
viruses, cancer, Alzheimer's, Mad Cow
200
What is Cellular Respiration?
The transfer of energy from various molecules to produce ATP; occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotes, the cytoplasm of prokaryotes. In the process, oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide is generated.
200
What are ribosomes?
small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein
200
What is the purpose of Homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the property of a system that regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, relatively constant condition of properties such as temperature or pH.
300
What is Passive Transport?
transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion; expenditure of energy is not required
300
What is the first step in protein synthesis?
1.The AUG codon signals both the interaction of the ribosome with m-RNA and also the tRNA with the anticodons (UAC).
2.the transcription of mRNA from a DNA gene in the nucleus.
3. Elongation of the peptide begins as various tRNA's read the next codon.
2.the transcription of mRNA from a DNA gene in the nucleus.
300
What is Photosynthesis?
The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
300
What is mitochondria?
cell organelle that releases energy from stored food molecules
300
What usually results when an organism fails to maintain homeostasis?
A) Growth rates within organs become equal.
B) The organism becomes ill or may die.
C) The water balance in the tissues of the organism stabilizes.
D) A constant sugar supply for the cells is stopped.
B) The organism becomes ill or may die.
400
What is Osmosis?
A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane
400
What are the two main stages of protein synthesis in order?
Transcription and Translation
400
What is Fermentation?
The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat
400
What is a nucleus?
the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, large structure inside some cells that contains the cell's DNA and controls the cell's carbs
500
What are lysosomes?
An organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
500
Where does mRNA go once it leaves the nucleus?
to a ribosome
500
What is chemosynthesis?
the synthesis of organic compounds by bacteria or other living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight
500
What is the cytoplasm?
material inside the cell membrane -- but not including the nucleus
500
What is Mad Cow?
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease in cattle, that causes a spongy degeneration in the brain and spinal cord