Introducing Biology
The basic unit of life
cell
An atom that gains or loses an electron
ion
These types of cells have no nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
prokaryotic cells
A molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food to the cell
ATP
Name the stages of the cell cycle
Gap 1, Synthesis, Gap 2, and Mitosis
The variety of organisms in a given area
biodiversity
An attraction between a slight positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom, usually oxygen or nitrogen
hydrogen bond
A closely layered stack of membrane-enclosed spaces that process, sort, and deliver proteins
Golgi apparatus
Made up of granum and thylakoids
chloroplasts
This limits the maximum size of a cell
ratio of cell surface area to volume
This is composed of everything (living and non-living) found in the Earth
biosphere
Molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
carbohydrates
A description of what is observed and measured in an experiment, and what the measurement represents
operational definition
Using energy from the sun, these reactions occur within and across the thylakoid membranes
light-dependent reactions
Proteins in which DNA wraps around
histones
Community of organisms and their physical environment
ecosystem
Substances are changed into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds
chemical reaction
The movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy from the cell
passive transport
A process in which oxygen is needed
aerobic
During this stage, sister chromatids separate from each other
anaphase
Descriptions of what is observed vs numerical measurements
qualitative vs quantitative data
Catalysts that lower the activation energy and increase the rate of chemical reactions
enzymes
This solution’s solute concentration is the same inside as outside the cell
isotonic solution
Produced by the breakdown of glucose, this substance is needed for the Krebs cycle
pyruvate
When a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function
cell differentiation