Unit 1
How to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ?
- eukaryotic cells have multiple organelles, their DNA is confined inside a nuclear envelope, more complexity, larger
- no organelles, and instead of a nuclear envelope, DNA floats around inside the cell, less complexity, smaller
What are the functional groups of the amino acid?
- amino group
- carboxyl group
- hydrogen
- R group / side chain
What trophic level to cows feed at?
Primary consumer
During which phase(s) of the cell cycle do cells grow?
G1, G2
What state is Rochelle from?
Rhode Island
What functional group appears at the N-terminus of a polypeptide?
amino group
What are all the products and reactants of cellular respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen → CO2 + Water + ATP
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
- Phosphate group
- Deoxyribose sugar
- Nitrogen base
Differentiate between an INDEPENDENT and DEPENDENT variable.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE - something that is manipulated or changed in the experiment that is expected to have an effect on the dependent variable.
DEPENDENT VARIABLE - a measured variable, something that is expected to change as a result of the introduction of the independent variable.
Monosaccharides polymerize (combine or cause to form polymer) with condensation reactions between two hydroxyl groups, resulting in covalent bonds called ______.
glycosidic linkages
Secondary Structure is based off what interactions? Tertiary Structure is based off what interactions?
Secondary - hydrogen bonds between parts of the backbone
Tertiary - hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, IMFs of the R groups
The role of fermentation is to recycle what?
NAD+
What is metastasis?
The spreading of a tumor from a primary site to establish secondary tumors.
Who is the main author on your textbook?
Scott Freeman
A cell is placed in a sucrose solution and concentration levels on both sides of the cell are measured. The outside of the cell is measured at a tonicity of 0.48M, and the inside of the cell is measured at a tonicity of 0.52M. What type of solution is this system creating? What would happen?
hypotonic environment
- this would cause the cell to swell in size as water enters (potentially rupturing the cell)
What is a chain of Amino Acids under 50 units long called?
oligopeptide
What causes sore muscles?
lactic acid build up
What forces shape/stabilize the DNA double helix?
Hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals interactions, H-bonds
What are Rochelle's office hours?
- Mondays after lunch (12:50p-1:40p)
- Thursdays after 2nd (2:45p-3:30p)
[sometimes - Wednesdays after 2nd (10:00a-10:45a)]
Liver
What is the difference between Competitive and Allosteric inhibition?
- competitive: where the inhibitor has a similar structure as a substrate and binds to the active site, blocking the substrate
- allosteric: where the inhibitor binds to the outside of the protein, changing the shape and keeping the protein from doing its function, altering the shape of the active site
Name the three main types of enzymes we discussed in class and their functions?
Kinases - Catalyze substrate level phosphorylation
Dehydrogenases - Catalyze redox reactions
Isomerases - Catalyze formation of isomers (same formula, different chemical configuration)
Who created the incorrect triple-helical model of DNA?
Linus Pauling
What is the scientific name for Kingworms (mealworms)?
Zophobas morio