Intro to Biology
The three parts of a hypothesis include...
If ... then... because
As a prey population increase what will happen to the predators? Why?
Predators will increase, they will have a larger food source
High to low,
Energy
Low to High
True or false Animals are the only organism to do Cellular Respiration
False. Plants, bacteria, and fungi all do cellular respiration. Plants are the only organism to do both Cell resp and Photosynthesis
Phosphate , Sugar, and Nitrogen Base
What is the definition of Independent variable, Dependent Variable, and Control, and constant in an experiment?
IV: What is changed
DV: what is measured
Control: Receives no treatment
Constant: Not changed between trials
Define producer and consumer, provide an example of each. What makes an organism a secondary/ tertiary consumer?
Producers are autotrophs (plants) and make their own food
Consumer are heterotrophs, mouse, and must eat other organisms to obtain energy
Secondary/ Tertiary consumer other consumers.
The 3 parts of the cell theory.
1. All living things are made from cells
2. Cells come from other cells
3. Cells are the base unit of life
The four biomolecules and their monomers
Carbohydrates: Monosaccharide
Lipids: Fatty Acids
Proteins: Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides
What are three differences and 2 similarities of DNA and RNA
Diff:
Uracil vs Thymine
Single vs Double strand
Ribose vs Deoxyribose
Sim:
Nucleic Acids, Genetic Info, ACG, Found in the nucleus, Made of nucleotides
When looking through the highest objective lens what is the total magnification? Show your work
400x
Eyepiece x10
Objective lens x40
What is the difference between parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism
Parasitism: (+,-) one helped, one harmed
Commensalism (+,0) one helped, other no change
Mutualism (+,+) both helped
A cell is placed in a solution of water and the loses mass from 2.6g to 1.4g, Use a CER to explain what has occured.
C: The Cell is going through osmosis and is in a hypertonic solution.
E: The water changed the weight of the cell by 1.2g showing water is leaving the cell
R: Osmosis is the movement of water and wants to be at equilibrium. Water left because the concertation of solute was greater outside of the cell.
The balanced equation of photosynthesis and Cellular respiration
Photo: 6H2O + 6CO2 --Light--> C6H12O6 + 6O2
CR: C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 +36-38 ATP
The three parts of the Central Dogma
DNA--> DNA : Replication
DNA--> RNA: Transcription
RNA --> Proteins: Translation
The Six steps of the Scientific method
1. Question / Problem
2. Research
3. Hypothesis
4. Experiment
5. Analysis/ Results
6. Conclusion
If a producer has 40,000 J of energy how much energy reaches the secondary consumer?
400J of energy
Describe the function of the following organelles
1. Golgi Body
2. Cell Membrane
3. Chloroplast
4. Vacuole
1. Transports and ships materials in the cell
2. Controls what enters and exits the cell
3. Site of Photosynthesis
4. Storage of water and other nutrients
The process of using solar energy to make glucose in the chloroplast
LR: Granum/ thylakoid, use Water, and Light to make O2, ATP, and NADPH
CC: Stroma, uses CO2, ATP, and NADPH to make Glucose, ADP, and NADP+
What are the names and functions of the kinds of RNA
mRNA: Messenger RNA- the piece of RNA that is taken out of the nucleus to be used in protein synthesis
rRNA: Ribosomal RNA- Makes up ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis
tRNA: Transfer RNA- transports amino acids to the ribosome
The 8 characteristics of life
1. Made of one or more cells
2. Displays Organization
3. Responds to Stimuli
4. Grow over time
5. Reproduce
6. Requires Energy
7. Maintains Homeostasis
8. Adapt and change over time (evolve)
Arrange from smallest to largest in ecology and define the following terms
Ecosystem, Community, Population, Species, Biosphere
Species: a single organisms
Population: a group of the same organisms
Community: a group of different organism(populations) in the same area
Ecosystem: the biotic and abiotic factors in an area
Biosphere: the Ecosystem, lithosphere, and atmosphere, and climate
What is the function of the nucleus, and the three parts and how they aid in the function.
The control center of the cell
Nuclear Membrane: Protects the contents of the Nucleus (DNA)
Nuclear Pores: Openings in the Nuclear Membrane to allow materials in or out
Nucleolus: central region of the nucleus that creates Ribosomes
The Locations, Reactants, and Products of cellular respiration and Fermentation
Glycolysis: Cytoplasm, Glucose--> Pyruvate, NADH, ATP
Pre-Krebs: Mitochondria, Pyruvate --> Acetyl CoA, NADH
Krebs Cycle: Matrix of Mitochondria, Acetyl CoA,
--> ATP, NADH, FADH2 CO2
ETC: Cristae of Mitochondria, FADH2, NADH, and O2 --> ATP, H2O FAD, NAD+
Replicate, transcribe, and translate the following strand of DNA
TAC AAA ATG GAT CAT GTG ACT
DNA: ATG TTT TAC GTA GAG TGA
RNA: AUG UUU UAC GUA CAC UGA
A.A: MET-PHE -TYR- VAL- HIS- STOP