The Structure of DNA
A Gene
Explain the difference in microevolution and macroevolution.
microevolution - small-scale genetic changes over a few generations
macroevolution - the sum of small-scale changes that lead to large-scale changes of long periods of time leading to entirely new species
What is the difference between abiotic and biotic factors?
abiotic - non-living
biotic - living
How do angiosperms differ from gymnosperms?
Gymnosperms - seeds from cones
Angiosperms - seeds from flowers
What are the 5 groups of vertebrates?
fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
What are the molecules in the central dogma of molecular genetics?
DNA ---> RNA ---> Protein
The name of the theoretical model representing a sequence of rock layers of earth's strata.
The geological column
What is ecology?
The scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments.
What is the difference between a plan's xylem and its phloem?
The xylem transports water upward through the plant.
the phloem transports nutrients and carbs.
Why is a bird's egg harder than a reptile's?
birds sit on their eggs, and the shell protects the egg from the parent's weight
their shells keep the moisture in while the egg is in the nest
Why is mRNA needed as a go-between in the process of creating proteins from DNA?
DNA needs to remain trapped in the cell's nucleus. mRNA makes a copy of the DNA that can then leave the nucleus and be used as a template for making protein.
What would we expect to see in the fossil record if macroevolution were true?
intermediate links between different related species
What makes a population different from a community?
A population is a group of organisms of one species in one place at one time.
A community is interacting populations (different species together).
What are the 3 worm phyla? (phyla name or description works)
Platyhelminthes - flat worms
Nematoda - round worms
Annelida - segmented
What are the 3 classes of fish?
Agnatha - jawless
Chondrichthyes - cartilaginous
Osteichthyes - bony fish
What are the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide?
deoxyribose sugar
phosphate group
nitrogenous base
What does structural homology have to do with evolution?
Evolutionists point to similar structures between "related" species as evidence of their evolution; however, we actually see that these similar structures arise from different genes.
Describe an energy pyramid showing trophic levels.
It goes from producers at the bottom to consumers at the top. Each level only receives 10% of the energy from the level below it.
Describe phylum Cnidaria.
radial symmetry
tentacles with stinging cells
gelatinous
What are 3 things that are common between birds and mammals?
endothermic - warm blooded
4 chambered heart
lungs
claws/nails
What is the corresponding mRNA sequences for the following DNA sequence:
T A C A A G T C T A C T
A U G U U C A G A U G A
What evolutionary category refers to studying DNA and Amino Acid sequences?
Molecular Biology
What are the 3 types of symbiosis and what does each mean?
mutualism - both organisms benefit
commensalism - one organism benefits and one is unaffected
parasitism - one organism benefits and one is harmed
Describe phylum echinodermata.
spiny skin
no circulatory system
some can regenerate
What makes animals different from fungi and plants?
They are heterotrophs.