Mitosis/Meiosis
Human Reproduction and Development
Protein Synthesis
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100
Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following describes an event that results from mitosis but NOT meiosis?
A. two stages of cell division
B. replication of cellular genetic material
C. daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
D. four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell
C. daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
100
Which of the following events occurs during the first trimester?
A. heart beat begins
B. lungs fully developed
C. bones become solid
D. fetus moves, kicks and swallows
A. heart beat begins
100
What is the relationship between DNA and protein in a cell?
A. DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell.
B. Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell.
C. DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.
D. The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.
C. DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.
100
Water has a much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead?
A. Flooding would occur and animals would be forced to migrate
B. Harmful organisms living in water would reproduce at a rapid rate
C. Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die
D. Plants would not have enough water to effectively carry out photosynthesis
C. Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die.
100
A research group has discovered that damselflies, a type of dragonfly, are being infected by a particular type of aquatic protozoan. Both young and adult damselflies are not directly infected by the protozoan but contract the infection from the prey they eat. The graph shows the percentage of adult damselflies infected by protozoans during the summer and early fall.
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the graph?
A. Infection in creek-fed ponds remained constant throughout the sampling period.
B. Protozoans were more common in creek-fed ponds than embanked ponds.
C. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period.
D. Protozoans reproduce more quickly in embanked ponds than creek-fed ponds.
C. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period.
200
Which type of reproduction results in increased genetic variation?
Sexual reproduction
200
Sexual reproduction is vital to the propagation of the human race. Which of the following sequences represents the correct order of events in the formation of a human fetus?
A. Zygote → Blastocyst → Embryo → Fertilization
B. Fertilization → Zygote → Blastocyst → Embryo
C. Blastocyst → Embryo → Differentiation → Zygote
D. Fertilization → Growth → Differentiation → Zygot
B. Fertilization → Zygote → Blastocyst → Embryo
200
The sequence of DNA below is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment?
5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3'
4
200
Carrot sticks that are left in a dish of freshwater for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar sticks left in a saltwater solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the freshwater is ______ and the saltwater is ________ to the cells of the carrot sticks.
A. hypertonic, hypotonic
B. hypotonic, hypotonic
C. hypertonic, hypertonic
D. hypotonic, hypertonic
D. hypotonic, hypertonic
200
Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not water-permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule?
A. protein
B. carbohydrate
C. nucleic acid
D. lipid
D. Lipid
300
Which of the following phases of mitosis is represented by the diagram below?
Metaphase
300
The diagram below shows a fetus implanted in a female uterus.
Fertilization of the egg most likely occurred in which of the following structures?
Structure A
300
A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed only of the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate?
A. The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil.
B. UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine.
C. Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes.
D. Most proteins contain only one type of amino acid.
B. UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine.
300
The diagram below illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms.
What is another name for the substance labeled "catalyst"?
Enzyme
300
When Streptococcus pneumoniae are exposed to an antibiotic, the bacteria try to pump the antibiotic out of their cells. Which mechanism is most likely used by the Streptococcus pneumoniae to pump the antibiotic out of their cells?
Active Transport
400
Which row in the chart below indicates the correct process for each event indicated?
Row 4
400
Sperm are created through meiosis in an area of the testes called the seminiferous tubules. Through which structure do the sperm travel to exit the testes?
A. vas deferens
B. seminiferous tubules
C. scrotoum
D. epididymis
A. vas deferens
400
During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complimentary mRNA sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Using the codon table below, will this mutation cause a change in the phenotype of the organism?
No, both sequences code for the same protein: Thr
400
The diagram below shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.
What correctly names and describes the process being illustrated?
Crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged
400
In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?
Cell Wall
500
The diagram below shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms.
What is the name of this process?
Meiosis
500
Below is a diagram of the male reproductive system.
Which structure is represented by the letter D?
Epididymis
500
A diagram of a cellular process is shown below.
Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z?
Translation
500
If 20% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine, T, what percentage of the sample is made up of cytosine, C?
30%
A (20%) = T (20%)
G (30%) = C (30%)
Total = 100%
500
Transcribe the following DNA sequence:
5' TACAGCGCTGGC 3'
What proteins will be produced?
Transcription: AUGUCGCGACCG
Proteins coded for: isoleucine, serine, arginine, and proline