Molecular Vocab
General Vocab
Misc Chemistry Knowledge
States of Matter
Substances and Mixtures
100
two or more bonded atoms with a determinate number of atomic nuclei
What is a molecule?
100
anything that has mass and occupies space
What is matter?
100
combinations of these four elements make up over 96% of the human body
What are oxygen (65%), carbon (18.5%), hydrogen (9.5%), and nitrogen (3.2%)?
100
particles close together in an orderly arrangement with little freedom of movement so that it retains its shape when moved from one container to the next
What is a solid?
100
the simplest chemical substance; all of its atoms have the same atomic number and cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means (e.g., iron, gold, mercury)
What is an element?
200
the type of chemical bonds that hold atoms of a molecule together
What are covalent bonds?
200
the study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
What is chemistry?
200
these two elements are the only ones (besides the essential four) that make up 1% or more of the human body
What are calcium (1.5%) and phosphorus (1%)?
200
particles are close together, but not held rigidly so that they can flow past one another and mold to the shape of any container
What is a liquid?
200
two or more elements chemically combined in distinct/definite ratios of atoms that cannot be separated by physical means (e.g., salt, water, carbon dioxide)
What is a compound?
300
a molecule that consists of only 2 atoms
What is a diatomic molecule?
300
general name for this type of molecular model
What is a ball-and-stick model?
300
matter is classified (subdivided) into one of these two categories
What is a pure substance or a mixture?
300
particles have complete freedom of movement and can spread apart to fill both the shape and volume of their container
What is a gas?
300
physical combination of two or more substances whereby the substances retain their unique identities and can be separated by physical means (e.g., sugar water)
What is a mixture?
400
diatomic molecules made from atoms of different elements
What is a heteronuclear molecule?
400
this has a precise composition and can be either an element or a compound (e.g., NaCl, H2O, O2)
What is a pure substance?
400
a set of conceptual assumptions that explains data from accumulated experiments; predicts related phenomena
What is a model or theory?
400
general method for turning a solid into a liquid or gas
What is add heat?
400
the mixture composition is uniform throughout (e.g., sugar water)
What is a homogeneous mixture?
500
these seven elements exist as homonuclear diatomic molecules at room temperature
What are H2, N2, F2, O2, I2, Cl2, Br2 ?
500
two or more chemically bonded elements (any type bond)
What is a compound?
500
Compounds are either covalent or ionic. In this class, we define 'molecule' as the simplest form of a covalent compound. Why do we not refer to ionic compounds as molecules?
Ionic compounds do not exist as distinct molecules, so we don't call them molecules (e.g., we can't have one molecule of salt). Instead, they exist in crystal lattices composed of many, many ions.
500
general method for turning a gas or liquid into a solid
What is remove heat?
500
the composition of the mixture is not uniform throughout (e.g., oil and vinegar salad dressing)
What is a heterogeneous mixture?