Chapter 1
It is the study of what matter is made of, and how matter changes
What is chemistry?
The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties
What is an element?
The closeness of a set of measurements taken under the same conditions.
What is precision?
What is an electron?
This model helps describe probability to find an electron in a particular location around a nucleus.
What is the Quantum Mechanical Model?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is matter?
A copper rod is tested for its ductility. What property is being examined?
What is an intensive property?
A student measures the density of a piece of aluminum to be 2.75 g/cm^3.The accepted density of aluminum is 2.70g/cm^3. What is the percent error in the student's measurement?
1.85%
Atoms of the same element but with a different number of neutrons.
What are isotopes?
How many total orbitals are in principal energy level 4?
16 orbitals (1 s, 3 p, 5 d, 7 f)
The "father of chemistry," this French chemist revolutionized our understanding of chemistry by establishing the law of conservation of mass and naming oxygen.
Who is Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier?
Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are examples of _________ in the mixture of air.
What are compounds?
Water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit. What is this in Kelvin rounded to 3 significant figures?
373 Kelvin
Element X has an atomic number of 314. What is its mass number? How many electrons would a +2 ion have?
Mass number: 628; 312 electrons
This element: [Kr] 4d^10 5s^2 5p^4
What is tellurium?
The variable in an experiment that is observed/measured.
What is the dependent variable?
These are four indicators that a chemical reaction has taken place.
Convert 477 nm to miles using 2 significant figures in scientific notation.
1.6 km = 1 mi
3.0 x 10^-10 mi
Two isotopes exist for Element X (average atomic mass = 132.44 g). What is the mass of isotope 1 if 133-X has a relative abundance of 24%?
132.26 g
What is the frequency of a wave that completes 4 wavelengths in 2.5 x 10^-7 m?
4.8 x 10^15 Hz
Explain what is wrong with the following statement:
Theories are proven by experiments.
A theory can never be proven. It is a well-tested explanation of a broad set of observations. A theory may need to be changed in the future to explain new observations.
Classify each as a chemical or physical change:
Plastic bottles burned for electricity, digesting a cereal bar, water in a puddle evaporating, slicing a tomato for a sandwich, mud drying into dirt
Chemical
Chemical
Physical
Physical
The accepted density of oxygen is ~1.43 g/mL. A 20-g sample in a graduated cylinder increased the volume from 30 mL to 45 mL. What is the percent error of the sample's density?
6.8%
Element Z has three isotopes: 199-Z, 200-Z, and 203-Z. What is the average atomic mass of element Z if 199-Z has a relative abundance of 45% and 200-Z is negligible.
201.2 g
If UV photons have 6.63 x 10^-19 J of energy, what is the wavelength of this light in nm?
300 nm