Unit 1: Intro to
Bio/COL/Cells
Bio/COL/Cells
Where does protein synthesis take place in a cell?
Ribosome
The presence of which element makes something considered organic?
Carbon
Where does transcription take place in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
What are the 3 types of passive transport?
Osmosis, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion
During mitosis, cells divide over _____ different phases.
4 or 5 (if you include cytokinesis)
Identify the three major forms of cancer treatment and explain how they work.
Surgery/Resection: Taking out the whole tumor via surgery.
Radiation: Using high beams of energy directed towards the tumor.
Chemotherapy: Drugs/chemicals being injected into the body.
A bacterial cell is considered to be _____________ because it's only made up of one cell.
Prokaryotic
We know that water is a polar molecule, but what does polar mean?
One side of the molecule is slightly positive and the other end is slightly negative.
This enzyme "marks" the DNA strand so the building enzyme knows where to start.
Primase
During each cycle, the pump sends ____ sodium ions out of the cell and brings in ____ potassium ions into the cell.
3 - Na, 2 - K
What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?
DNA replicates in the nucleus.
Jim is feeling sick so he goes to the ER to get IV fluids. When the nurse sets up his IV bag she gives him distilled water instead of a saline solution. Why is this bad?
Because Jim's blood cells will swell and burst because there is too much water on the inside, diluting his sodium levels. Hypotonic solution.
What is the definition of metabolism?
Using nutrients/molecules for energy.
Amino acids are held together by _______________ bonds.
Peptide
The enzyme, _______________, acts like a glue so the DNA fragments can form into a continuous strand.
Ligase
Name two molecules that can easily diffuse through the cell membrane.
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethanol, water.
What 3 processes are made possible by cell division?
Growth, maintenance, repair
Explain how body temperature is an example of a negative feedback loop.
When your body temp gets high, your brain sends a signal to your body to start sweating, when your body temp gets low, your brain sends a signal to your body to start shivering.
The enzyme that's responsible for breaking down carbohydrates is called _________________.
Amylase
What are the 6 essential elements of life?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Which type of RNA transfers amino acids during translation?
tRNA
Bacteria cell walls are made out of _________________.
Peptidoglycan
What two events happen during the G2 phase of the cell cycle?
The cell makes proteins and organelles
The cell prepares for mitosis
What happens if the sodium/potassium pump malfunctions? Give two examples and be specific.
Water/fluid balance can be disrupted, can cause abnormal sinus rhythms in the heart
What is the difference between evolution and growth & development?
Evolution occurs over a very long period of time and the growth & development (life span) of an organism is a short amount of time.
Why is water not considered an organic molecule? (what has to be present for something to be considered "organic"?)
Water only consists of hydrogen and oxygen. A molecule can only be organic if it has carbon in it.
The initiation (start) of translation involves the binding of ____________________ to ___________________.
tRNA , mRNA
Most pharmaceutical drugs are composed of molecules that are _____________ and _____________.
nonpolar and hydrophobic
What is angiogenesis? How does it affect cancer?
Angiogenesis is the creation of blood vessels in the body. By preventing angiogenesis, we can cut off the blood supply to the tumor and hopefully keep it from growing.
Explain why the keto diet can be dangerous under certain circumstances (think about what's being restricted and why it's problematic).
We need carbs to function properly, it's the main energy source in the body. When you restrict all carbohydrates, then your body goes into starvation mode and starts using stored fat as energy. This can cause negative long term effects on the body.