Unit 1: COL and Cells
Where does protein synthesis take place in the cell?
Ribosome
Why is water not considered an organic molecule? (what has to be present for something to be considered "organic"?)
Water only consists of hydrogen and oxygen. A molecule can only be organic if it has carbon in it.
What are the 3 types of passive transport?
Osmosis, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion
Where does transcription take place in a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
Jim is feeling sick so he goes to the ER to get IV fluids. When the nurse sets up his IV bag she gives him distilled water instead of a saline solution. Why is this bad?
Because Jim's blood cells will swell and burst because there is too much water on the inside, diluting his sodium levels. Hypotonic solution.
A bacterial cell is considered to be _____________ because it's only made up of one cell.
We know that water is a polar molecule, but what does polar mean?
One side of the molecule is slightly positive and the other end is slightly negative.
During each cycle, the pump sends ____ sodium ions out of the cell and brings in ____ potassium ions into the cell.
3 - Na, 2 - K
This enzyme "marks" the DNA strand so the building enzyme knows where to start.
Primase
What physically happens to an enzyme when it becomes inactive? What two changes cause it to become inactive?
The enzyme loses its shape, doesn't fit in the substrate and won't work properly. The two changes are temperature and pH.
What is the definition of metabolism?
Using nutrients/molecules for energy.
Amino acids are held together by _______________ bonds.
Peptide
Name two molecules that can easily diffuse through the cell membrane.
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethanol, water.
The enzyme, _______________, acts like a glue so the DNA fragments can form into a continuous strand.
Ligase
Explain how body temperature is an example of a negative feedback loop.
When your body temp gets high, your brain sends a signal to your body to start sweating, when your body temp gets low, your brain sends a signal to your body to start shivering.
The enzyme that's responsible for breaking down carbohydrates is called _________________.
Amylase
What are the 6 essential elements of life?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Bacteria cell walls are made out of _________________.
Peptidoglycan
Which type of RNA transfers amino acids during translation?
tRNA
What happens if the sodium/potassium pump malfunctions? Give two examples and be specific.
Water/fluid balance can be disrupted, can cause abnormal sinus rhythms in the heart
_____________________ occurs at the interface between water and air. Water molecules at the top interact with neighboring water molecules beside and below them.
Surface Tension
What is a key similarity between carbohydrates and lipids? How do they work together?
They both contain the elements C, H, and O. This plays a key role when the body absorbs these substances.
Most pharmaceutical drugs are composed of molecules that are _____________ and _____________.
nonpolar and hydrophobic
The initiation (start) of translation involves the binding of ____________________ to ___________________.
tRNA , mRNA
Why is it important to identify bacteria using the Gram stain procedure? What does it tell us?
The Gram stain procedure shows us the structure of the bacterial cell and how thick the layer of peptidoglycan is in the cell wall. This is helpful because it can tell us the proper way to treat different bacterial diseases or infections.