The Later Colonies and The French and Indian War
What was Ben Franklin's Albany Plan of Union, and why did it fail?
A plan to unite the colonies under a single governing authority during the F&I War, failed because the colonies did not want to surrender their autonomy
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do and why did it anger the colonists?
Forbade the settling of land beyond the proclamation line (roughly the Appalachian Mountains)
What military strategy did the Americans hope to use against the British?
Smaller engagements while remaining highly mobile, avoiding capture of the army
What was Shays's Rebellion?
A rebellion of veterans and disgruntled farmers angry about high taxes and poor economic prospects
What compromise was extended to Anti-Federalists who opposed ratification of the Constitution?
The adding of a bill of rights to the Constitution
Which colony was founded both as a buffer against Spain and as a social experiment to give debtors a new chance?
Georgia
Why was the Stamp Act so unpopular?
Colonists directly taxed by Parliament (unprecedented), affected all socioeconomic strata
What military strategy did the British hope to use against the Americans?
Capture of their important cities and destruction of their army in an open engagement
What kind of government was established by the Articles of Confederation?
A weak confederacy of states. Each state had one representative, and a supermajority was needed to pass laws. There was no executive. The congress could negotiate treaties and set diplomacy, but had no way of raising taxes and could only be unanimously amended
Describe a compromise that was reached on slavery
Congress could not pass a law ending the slave trade, nor could the Constitution be amended to end the slave trade, before 1808
Slave populations would add 3/5 of their total to the state population for apportionment purposes
Name a restoration colony
Carolina; Pennsylvania; New York; New Jersey; Delaware (kinda)
What strategies did colonists use to protest the Stamp Acts?
Boycotts and nonimportation; street protests; violence against tax collectors; circulation of literature; formation of the Stamp Act Congress
How was victory finally achieved at Yorktown?
The British navy was distracted by French and Spanish incursions in the Caribbean, allowing the British army under Cornwallis to be surrounded at Yorktown
What steps were taken to end slavery in northern states?
Slavery was sometimes banned in state constitutions; sometimes state constitutions were interpreted to mean they banned slavery; some states passed gradual manumission laws.
What compromise was reached on apportionment (the Connecticut compromise)?
Congress would be bicameral, the lower house would be apportioned based on population while the upper house apportionment would be equal for every state.
The French and Indian War was primarily fought over what disputed territory?
Ohio River Valley; St. Lawrence River Valley
What was accomplished by the First Continental Congress?
Petition to King George; complete nonimportation and nonconsumption movement; committed to economic independence by starting cloth manufactures
According to the Declaration of Independence, what truths do we hold to be self-evident?
All men are created equal and endowed with unalienable rights (life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness)
What were some radical provisions of the Pennsylvania state constitution?
Unicameral legislature, executive council, universal male suffrage
How was the election of the president and the senate meant to limit democracy?
The president would be elected by a college of electors and senators would be elected by state legislatures. Neither would be elected directly by voters.
Name of the religious movement in the colonies led by ministers such as George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards that was characterized by decentralized/traveling churches and an emphasis on personal connection to God
The Great Awakening
Describe THREE of the FIVE Intolerable Acts
Closure of the Port of Boston
Quartering of British troops in Boston
Termination of the Mass. legislature
British officials no longer tried in the colonies
Quebec granted religious and political freedom, as well as land west of the proclamation line
The French were persuaded to join the American side after the capture of General Burgoyne at what battle?
The Battle of Saratoga
In what ways was freedom of religion expanded? Give two examples
Disestablishment; end of religious tests for officeholding
Describe one of the amendments in the Bill of Rights OTHER THAN the first, second, or fifth
3rd - no soldiers in my house
4th - you can't search my stuff without a warrant
6th - trial by jury (criminal)
7th - trial by jury (civil)
8th - no cruel and unusual punishment, no excessive fines or bails
9th - unenumerated rights of the individual
10th - unenumerated rights of the states