Syndrome characterized by gonadotropin-dependent ovarian hyperandrogenism associated with anovulation and infertility.
What is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
Hormone with non-aromatic A-ring and double-bonded oxygen (also on A-ring)
What is progesterone?
Non-hormonal intrauterine device (IUD)
What is ParaGard?
Most common synthetic form of estrogen in contraceptives
What is ethinyl estradiol?
This second messenger relaxes cavernosal smooth muscle and increases blood flow during an erection.
What is cGMP?
Which two rings in the 17b-estradiol steroid scaffold are hydroxylated by metabolic enzymes?
What are A and D?
Term for a chemical group blocking accessibility to metabolic enzymes in certain regions of a drug molecule.
What is steric hindrance?
Testicular condition in which increased venous pressure disrupts countercurrent heat exchange, elevating intratesticular temperature and impairing Sertoli‑cell–dependent spermatogenesis.
What is varicocele?
Type of enzyme that modifies conjugated estrogens in order to yield the more potent agonist 17b-estradiol.
What are sulfatases?
Progressive condition characterized by androgen‑driven periurethral stromal and epithelial hyperplasia leading to lower urinary tract symptoms
What is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
State in which ovarian follicular depletion eliminates estradiol‑mediated negative feedback, causing chronic elevation of FSH and LH and leading to vasomotor instability.
What is menopause?
Type of enzyme that modifies a chemical group on the D-ring of 17b-valerate to yield biologically active 17b-estradiol?
What is esterase?
Endocrine disorder in which disruption of hypothalamic dopaminergic inhibition leads to chronically elevated pituitary hormone levels that suppress GnRH pulsatility, ultimately impairing LH‑dependent testosterone production and Sertoli‑cell–mediated spermatogenesis.
What is hyperprolactinemia?
This PDE5 inhibitor has the longest half‑life (~18 hours), allowing once‑daily dosing.
What is Tadalafil?