Diabetes
primary hormone that decreases blood glucose
What is insulin?
most common route for insulin administration
what is the subcutaneous route?
the insulin type that is taken after meals
what is bolus or short acting insulin?
occurs with overproduction of ADH
caused by the deficient production or secretion of ADH
What is Diabetes Insipidus?
most common oral hypoglycemic agent
What is metformin?
affects people under 40, caused by immune system destruction of pancreatic b-cells
What is Type 1 Diabetes?
rapid, deep breathing. The body's attempt to reverse metabolic acidosis.
What are Kussmaul respirations?
polydipsia and polyuria with urine quantities of 2-20 L/day
What are the key signs and symptoms of DI?
small cell lung cancer, stroke, ADH secreting brain tumors
What are causes of SIADH?
fingerstick blood glucose testing, hemoglobin A1C test, lipid analysis, renal function
What are the diagnostic tests associated with Diabetes?
what is diabetic ketoacidosis?
increasing "time in range" 70-180 mg/dL, and having fewer highs and lows
What is the goal of insulin therapy?
The water deprivation test
What is the test to diagnose central DI vs. nephrogenic DI
treatment for mild SIADH
What is fluid restriction with sodium level monitoring?
Dehydration, retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy
What are consequences of hyperglycemia?
high dose of insulin causes a decline in glucose levels during the night. As a result, counterregulatory hormones (e.g., glucagon, epinephrine, GH, cortisol) are released causing rebound hyperglycemia.
What is the Somogyi effect?
IV fluids, IV short acting insulin, electrolyte replacement, assessment of mental status, monitoring glucose levels
What is the in-hospital management of DKA?
initiate seizure and fall precautions
What are the interventions for a confused patient with SIADH?
Maintain hydration and replace electrolytes
What are the priority treatments for a patient with DI?
The priority teaching for newly diagnosed diabetics
what is recognition and management of hypoglycemia?
ac & hs
What are the medical abbreviations for before meals and before bedtime? OR
When should you check your blood sugar?
treated by ingesting 15 to 20 g of a simple (fast-acting) carbohydrate, such as 4 to 6 oz of fruit juice or a regular soft drink. recheck the glucose 15 minutes later.
What is the treatment for hypoglycemia?
serum sodium less than 135, specific gravity greater than 1.030.
What lab values signify a diagnosis of SIADH?
DDAVP and sodium restrictions.
What is the treatment for central DI?