Thyroid Part 1
A TSH level greater than this amount indicates primary hypothyroidism
What is TSH > 20 mu/L?
This thyroid hormone is the most physiologically active
What is triiodothyronine (T3)?
This molecule is used as fuel for skeletal muscle, the brain, and many other parts of the body
Glucose
Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose below this cutoff
70 mg/dL
Part of the adrenal glands responsible for releasing cortisol
What is zona fasciculata
This thyroid function test is NOT a reliable indicator of hypothyroidism
What is total serum T3?
A TSH level less than this amount indicates hyperthyroidism
What is TSH < 0.5 mu/L?
This type of diabetes is characterized by a lack of endogenous insulin with an abrupt onset
Type 1 Diabetes
This type of diabetes is characterized by a gradual onset and can be asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis
Type 2 Diabetes
The parts and products of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis
What is: hypothalamus --> CRH--> Anterior Pituitary--> ACTH or corticotropin--> adrenals--> aldosterone, cortisol, androgens
This medication causes both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
What is amiodarone?
This temperature intolerance is a symptom of hyperthyroidism
What is intolerance to heat?
Elevated levels of these molecules are associated with fruity breath
Ketones
Low levels of this hormone stimulate glycogenolysis in the liver and increase the conversion of free fatty acids to ketone bodies
Insulin
The syndrome resulting in hypercortisolism and its MOST COMMON cause
What is Cushing Syndrome and ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor
This hormone is produced by the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of TSH
What is thyrotropic-releasing hormone? (TRH)
This lab test measures intrinsic thyroid gland function
What is radioactive iodine uptake?
This level of albuminuria would be considered severely elevated
>300 mg/day
This value of HgbA1c is considered normal by ADA standards
< 5.7%
The syndrome resulting in deficiency in cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens AND its most common skin-related symptom
What is Addison Disease and bronze pigmentation of the skin
High-dose salicylates and phenytoin may lower total serum T4 concentration via this mechanism
What is decreased protein binding?
High hCG concentrations may falsely elevate this thyroid lab test due to similar protein structures
What is thyroid stimulating hormone? (TSH)
This is a purpose of checking a C Peptide level (hint: we talked about four purposes)
- Evaluate residual beta cell function
- Distinguish between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
- Identify potential causes of hypoglycemia
- Detect insulinomas
This is a class of medications that can cause hyperglycemia (hint: we talked about seven classes)
- Glucocorticoids
- Immunosuppressive agents
- Atypical antipsychotics
- Diuretics
- Protease Inhibitors
- Beta Blockers
- Estrogens/Hormonal Contraceptives
The ACTH and cortisol levels (high or low) expected for the following 3 conditions:
1. Cushing Syndrome with pituitary tumor
2. Addison Disease
3. Glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency
What is
1. ACTH high, cortisol high
2. ACTH high, cortisol low
3. ACTH low, cortisol low