I'm Sweating
Hormones maintain homeostasis & keep physiological processes within normal range via ___
negative feedback
Two endocrine structures in the brain that control many other endocrine glands in the body as well as their hormone release.
Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland
___, a life- threatening condition that results in increased body metabolism and can include the symptoms of tachycardia, HF, agitation, restlessness, delirium, coma or death. Treatment is supportive and can include fluid/glucose/electrolyte replacement and/or beta blockers.
Thyroid storm
ADH & Oxytocin
When glucose is unable to enter the cell, it cannot be used for energy; therefore, the cell will start using lipids as its energy source resulting in the production of ketones as waste which will ___ blood pH & can lead to ___.
___ is an example of a primary adrenal insufficiency disorder in which a pt lacks both corticosteroids & mineralocorticoids
Addison's Disease
___, a disease defined by insulin resistance- the pancreas is making plenty of insulin, but the target cells do not recognize it.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Name the drug & class: ___, first line for the treatment of adrenocortical insufficiency, has many indications for use (including the tx of inflammation & allergies), but can cause Cushing's Syndrome &/or PUD w/ prolonged use and should not be DCed abruptly if taken for more than 2 weeks
Hydrocortisone (Cortef)
___, disease defined by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells resulting in a lack of insulin excretion
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
___, a serious, acute condition in pts w/ type 2 diabetes mellitus (often mistaken for a stroke) that has a high mortality rate.
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
___ results when there is hypersecretion of corticosteroids from the pituitary gland due to a tumor
Cushing's Disease
Name the drug & class: This medication should be taken w/ breakfast (or the first main meal of the day), stimulates the release of insulin from pancreatic islet cells & ↑ sensitivity of insulin receptors on target cells, but can cause blurry vision or rash.
Glimepiride, Antidiabetic, 2nd gen sulfonylurea, hypoglycemic agent
Name the drug & class: Contraindicated for use in pts w/ severe CKD, this anti- diabetic drug can be used pts 10+ years of age but can lead to lactic acidosis requiring hemodialysis
Metformin (Fortamet, Glucophage), Biguanide
Name the drug & class: an off- label indication, this medication blocks the synthesis of corticosteroids & can be used in the treatment of Cushing's Disease
Ketoconazole, anti- fungal "zoles"
Name the drug & class: This medication is used as a replacement therapy, should be taken at the same time daily, should not be taken w/ calcium or iron, & has the potential to cause palpitations or dysrhythmias (often treated w/ beta blockers).
Levothyroxine (Synthroid), thyroid replacement hormone
Name the drug & class: used for the treatment of Acromegaly (but with limited applications), this drug is initiated if the tumor secreting excess GH on the anterior pituitary gland cannot be completely removed or if the pt does not qualify for surgical resection.
Octreotide, Somatostatin Analog
Name the drug: ___, used to help identify primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency, this medication acts like ACTH in the body to trigger adrenal gland response (release of corticosteroids)
Cosyntropin
Name the drug & class: ___, this medication is the most common drug used for the treatment of diabetes insipidus (DI) but can lead to serious adverse effects including hyponatremia & water intoxication. In the event of an overdose, treatment with osmotic diuretics (e.g., Mannitol) may be required.
Desmopressin, ADH Analog
Name the drug: This medication is used to block the effects over an overactive thyroid (e.g., Hyperthyroidism) and is the preferred treatment in pregnant women or in pts that cannot tolerate Methimazole
Propylthiouracil (PTU), anti- thyroid drug
Human, Regular Insulin; Parenteral drug for diabetes/ Pancreatic hormone/ Short- acting hypoglycemic
Name the drug & class: This antidiabetic agent should be taken 30min before the first meal of the day, can cause Disulfiram- like sx if taken w/ alcohol, and is contraindicated for use in pts w/ DKA.
Glipizide (Glucotrol), 2nd generation Sulfonylurea, hypoglycemic agent
Name the medication: This non- radioactive iodine is indicated for administration 10- 14 days pre- thyroidectomy & is a treatment for thyroid storm & severe thyrotoxicosis
Lugol's solution
Name the drug & class: Indicated for use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, this medication is teratogenic, requires periodic liver function tests as well as monitoring of CBC & TSH levels, & pts can be treated w/ Atropine in the event of an overdose.
Methimazole, anti- thyroid drug
Name the drug & class: This medication works directly on the kidneys by inhibiting a receptor that will allow glucose to leave the blood & be excreted via urine. It does not stimulate insulin release & has a black box warning of increased risk of lower limb amputation.
Dapagliflozin, Sodium- Glucose Co- transporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2)
Name the drug & class: This medication mimics incretin hormones of the small intestine, activating GLP-1 receptors, ultimately resulting in decreased BG by increasing insulin secretion, slowing the absorption of glucose and decreasing the action of glucagon.
Dulaglutide (Trulicity), GLP-1 receptor agonist, Incretin mimetic