Adaptive Immune System
Vaccinations:
This type of vaccine contains a weakened form of a pathogen and provides long-lasting immunity but should not be given to immunocompromised individuals
What is a live-attenuated vaccine?
This type of care is focused on comfort for patients with a life expectancy of six months or less and requires stopping curative treatments.
. What is hospice care?
This type of cognitive disorder is characterized by a sudden, temporary confusion that can be reversed if the underlying medical cause is treated.
What is delirium?
This autoimmune disorder is characterized by silvery, scaly plaques typically found on the scalp, elbows, knees, and sacrum. What is the common treatment for severe cases?
What is Psoriasis, and the treatment for severe cases includes systemic immunosuppressants like methotrexate and cyclosporine?
This blood cancer is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells and is commonly treated with chemotherapy and radiation.
Answer: What is Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)?
Infection Prevention:
This set of precautions includes hand hygiene, PPE use, and isolation measures to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings.
What are standard and transmission-based precaution
This type of care focuses on symptom management and can be provided at any stage of a serious illness, including when curative treatments are still ongoing.
What is palliative care?
This is the main difference between dementia and delirium in terms of their onset and reversibility.
2. What is delirium is sudden and reversible, while dementia is gradual and irreversible?
This condition causes intensely pruritic, erythematous, and scaly plaques commonly located on the face, neck, and skin folds. What is the primary intervention for managing flare-ups?
What is Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema), and the primary intervention includes avoiding triggers, using moisturizers, and topical corticosteroids?
This cancer-related symptom is common in patients with advanced cancers and can be treated with opioids, NSAIDs, and nerve blocks.
Answer: What is pain?
HIV VS. AIDS
A patient presents with persistent fever, weight loss, recurrent infections, and Kaposi sarcoma. These symptoms indicate progression from this condition to this advanced stage
What is the progression from HIV to AIDS
This document is legally binding and outlines a patient's wishes regarding life-sustaining treatments in case they become unable to communicate
What is an advance directive?
This tool is commonly used to assess cognitive function, particularly attention and orientation, in patients with suspected delirium.
3. What is the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)?
This type of dermatitis occurs from direct exposure to an irritant or allergen, leading to a pruritic rash and possible blistering. What is the recommended first step in treatment?
What is Contact Dermatitis, and the first step in treatment is identifying and avoiding the irritant or allergen?
This complication occurs when a tumor obstructs the superior vena cava, leading to facial swelling and distended neck veins, and is treated with corticosteroids, radiation, and stenting.
Answer: What is Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS)?
Immunity:
This type of immunity occurs when antibodies are passed from mother to baby through the placenta or breast milk, providing temporary protection.
What is passive immunity?
Patients experiencing this end-of-life symptom might show signs like moaning, grimacing, and agitation, and would benefit from opioid administration and repositioning
4. What is pain?
This condition is the most common cause of dementia and involves beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles that disrupt neuron function.
4. What is Alzheimer’s disease?
This severe drug-induced reaction leads to widespread erythema, blistering, and mucosal involvement, with the skin sloughing off in severe cases. How is this emergency managed?
What is Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), and it is managed by discontinuing the offending drug and providing fluids, electrolytes, and possible plasmapheresis?
This warning sign of cancer involves a persistent change in bowel or bladder habits, often associated with colorectal or bladder cancer.
Answer: What is a change in bowel or bladder habits?
Transplant Care:
Following an organ transplant, patients are at risk for this complication, which occurs when the immune system attacks the transplanted organ, requiring lifelong immunosuppressants.
What is organ rejection?
The five stages of grief, as outlined by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, include this stage where patients may express feelings of sadness and despair.
What is depression?
These factors, such as advanced age, infections, and medications, increase the risk for both dementia and delirium.
. What are risk factors for dementia and delirium, including age, infections, medications, and metabolic issues?
This bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue presents with warmth, pain, erythema, and edema, often accompanied by fever. What is the primary treatment for this condition?
What is Cellulitis, and the primary treatment includes antibiotics (oral or IV) and incision and drainage (I&D) if an abscess is present?
This stage of cancer development involves the uncontrolled growth and spread of cancer cells, where tumors form and invade surrounding tissues.
Answer: What is progression?