Into
Extra Hard
key terms
Amazing feet
Facts
100
Why did horses grow larger?
A drier climate prompted the shift from forests to open savannas, favoring larger animals that could run faster from predators.
100
What was the average size of the first horse?
A. Cat
B. Dog
C. Sheep
D. Doney/horse average size
B. Dog they were very small and close to the ground.
100
_______ or change over time, is the process by which modern organisms have
descended from ancient organisms
Evolution
100
True or false: hooves are all alike?
False some have a odd number of toes are called perissodactyls. Hoofed animals with an even number of toes are called artiodactyls.
100
This evolutionary pressure led to horses developing longer legs and a single hoof?
What is predation in open environments.
200
What was the first ancestor of the horse?
The Eohippus (or Hyracotherium), a dog-sized mammal with multiple toes
200
This early horse ancestor had padded feet and lived in dense forests, relying more on agility than speed?
What is Hyracotherium
200
are the preserved remains of ancient organisms that provide evidence for how life has changed over time.
Fossils
200
How many toes did the early horses.
Most early horses had 3 full- sized toes.
200
The evolutionary adaptation and horses allowed more efficient forward motion by restricting a single claim by stabilizing the limb during high quality speed running?
What is the development of a stay apparatus (and Limb specialization for cursorial locomotion).
300
Why is the horse's fossil record famous?
It is considered one of the most complete, linear examples of evolution in paleontology.
300
This genus had three toes but was more horse like than earlier ancestors?
What is Mesohippus?
300
is the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific
environment.
Fitness
300
This type of teeth developed in horses to help them eat tough grasses?
What are high-crowned(hypsodont) Teeth
300
This combination of environmental and biological change drove much horse evolution: expanding grasslands and this atmospheric factor that made grasses more dominant?
What is decreasing atmospheric CO2 levels?
400
Was the main factor that makes horses mimic humans?
They have facial expression just like humans.
400
This genus is considered the direct ancestor of modern horses?
What is pliohippus?
400
Homologous structures that are so reduced in size that they no longer function, like the human appendix or legs in skinks, are called
vestigial organs
400
Between what stages can we see the formation in the hooves change
Mesohippus - Merychippus
400
This anatomical shift in horses lengthened their limbs and reduced energy used while running?
What is the elongation of distal limb bones (like the metacarpals and metatarsals).
500
How many years ago were horses first discovered.
Over 55 million years
500
This modern species represents the result of millions of years of horse evolution?
What is Equus ferus caballus?
500
The process whereby individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully is called
Natural selection more popular known as survival of the fittest
500
What main adaptation has changed over time to allow horses to become faster travel and grasslands and be fast.
The feet and the toes have been the most beneficial adaptation.
500
One major climate change that influenced forcible Nation was spread of these ecosystems?
What are open at Grassland ecosystems?