Random
What is the primary means by which parasites are spread
Manure/ feces
The cooling mechanism of the horse is quite effective when the sum of the ambient temperature and the relative humidity is less than what degree Fahrenheit?
130°F
What is the life cycle of the fly?
Egg, Larvae, Pupa, Adult
What stimulates hair growth in the winter?
The shortening of the days
In regards to a normal temperature, a foals temperature will generally be what compared to a mature horse?
Higher
(same with pulse rate and respirations)
Colic is second as the leading cause of death only to what?
Old age
This behavior is classified as activity used by an animal to keep itself in harmony with its environment and adjust to sudden, potentially harmful situations
Reactive behavior
(Example: withdrawing A luminary response to localized pain.)
The loss of a tooth can cause the development of a long or tall tooth by what mechanism?
The unopposed tooth will continue to erupt and grow, allowing it to become long/tall, and may injure the opposing gum.
The cooling mechanism begins to decrease between what temperatures?
130-150 °F
What is the foundation for any good fly control program?
Good Sanitation
While shivering is not dangerous, what does it indicate?
That the horse is cold, and it is expending more energy to stay warm.
In regards to the pulse rate compared to the respiratory rate, which one should be higher?
The pulse rate.
A respiratory rate higher than a pulse rate is known as inversion, and is indicated of a serious problem requiring immediate attention
Name the three locations where colic can occur.
Stomach
small intestine
large intestine
this category of behavior includes eating, drinking, food preferences, daily patterns of feeding, and the mechanics of obtaining food and chewing food.
Ingestive behavior
Name 3 common characteristics of Donkeys
Larger head with straight-faced or roman nosed
Very large open ears
No true forelock
Neck is straight with an upright mane
Shoulder is more upright and topline level, lacking in withers and a saddle dip.
At what temp can conditions be fatal to horses if they are stressed?
At 180°F or higher
Which fly has been implicated in the transmission of EIA?
Horse Flies
What is the most important winter feed given to horses?
Good quality hay
What is a normal capillary refill time for a horse?
Less than or equal to 2 seconds
If the stomach filled with gas or fluid in the case of colic, what is the recommended treatment?
Passage of a stomach tube to remove the gas or fluid, pain medication, IV fluid replacement
what is the first behavioral trait of all mammals including foals?
Suckling
What is the most essential, easily available, and often overlooked nutrient?
Water
List the Vital Sign Ranges for Heat Exhaustion:
Respirations, Pulse and Temperature
Respiration: More than 30/Min
Pulse: 50-100/Min
Temperature: 105-109°F (1 degree lower with digital thermometers)
Name 4 mosquito born illnesses in horses
Western Equine Encephalomyelitis
Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis
Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis
West Nile Virus
Can a horse maintain its water requirements by eating snow? Explain your answer.
No, this requires additional energy, and will limit the horse's water intake, and reduce water intake can cause colic due to impaction
How often will an adult horse defecate in one 24 hour time?
8 to 10 times per day averaging 28 to 50 lbs of fecal material
If colic occurs in the small intestine, what 3 mechanisms could be the cause?
Displacement (Incarcerated hernia)
Telescoping (Intussusception)
Twisting (Volvulus)
This category of behavior refers to urination and defecation.
Eliminative behavior
What is the most common, and most significant of all of equines internal parasites?
Strongyles, or blood worms
What is the recommended treatment for heat exhaustion?
Sprayed with cool water
Moved to shaded area
Should respond within 10-15 Minutes
2 part question: What is the scientific name for the common bot fly, and what is the mechanism for their eggs to hatch?
Gastrophilus Intestinalis
The horse licking over the eggs (The moisture, warmth, and friction)
What are the benefits of going barefoot for a few months out of the year?
Increases the circulation of the hoof, and makes for a healthier hoof
What is the average urinary output for a horse in a 24 hour.
4 to 7 quarts
If colic occurs in the large intestine, what 3 mechanisms could be the cause?
Obstruction (food impaction, parasites, Sand colic)
Twisting (Volvulus)
Displacement (Incarcerated Hernia)
This category of behavior involves courtship, mating, and maternal behavior. It is controlled by hormones, but some is also learned.
Sexual behavior
This is the only species of pinworm to affect horses
What is Oxyuris Equi
What is the main difference between heat stroke and heat exhaustion?
Heat stroke does not respond as quickly. needs emergency vet attention. Horse will not drink. Has poor gut sounds.
After the bot flies hatch, what is the next step in their life cycle?
They bore into the tongue, they there for one month, and then pass to the stomach and adhere to the stomach wall.
Which two vaccines should you consider giving every fall?
Equine influenza
Rhinopneumonitis
What do the following colors in the urine indicate:
Red
Brownish-Green
Dark Brown Coffee Colored
Red: Bleeding in urinary Tract
Brownish-Green: Jaundice, Liver Problems
Bark Brown coffee: Azoturia (Build up of urea and nitrogen products due to muscle damage, particularly in the hind quarters) (Rhabdomyolysis in people)
Give 3 signs of colic
restlessness, anxiety, depression, isolation sweating rolling, pawing repeatedly getting up and down looking at or kicking at the abdomens or flank area distended abdomen decreased gut sounds, reduced fecal output stretching to urinate but unable to
Horses standing head to tail and mutually swatting flies off of each others example of what behavior?
Caregiving, and care seeking
(AKA: epimeletic behavior)