Anatomy/Physiology
What does it mean if something is dorsal?
Of, on, or relating to the horse’s upper side or back.
List the 4 most common bandage types
Stable, shipping, exercise, treatment
Define conditioning.
Conditioning is a system of bringing a horse to a level of fitness that is sufficient for it to do its job efficiently and correctly.
What kinds of ointments are always okay to use?
Water based or water soluble ointments
What is the best way to approach a horse? (location and demeanor)
With a confident yet soothing voice approaching at the shoulder
Describe the location of the shoulder in relation to the hoof using the terms proximal or distal.
The shoulder is proximal to the hoof.
OR the hoof is distal to the shoulder.
What is a stable bandage used for?
A stable bandage can be used to provide warmth or support, prevent swelling, treat injuries, or hold a dressing in place. It also acts as a base for a hock or knee bandage
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic conditioning?
Aerobic metabolism, or production of energy, uses oxygen and glycogen to create energy to move muscles. Anaerobic means “without oxygen.” Anaerobic metabolism produces energy faster but less efficiently than aerobic metabolism
What are the 4 common respiratory conditions discussed?
Heaves, Influenza, Roaring, and Strangles
Name 5 stable vices
5 of the following: Cribbing, windsucking, pawing, stall kicking, weaving, pacing, wood chewing.
Lower portion of the jaw and the largest bone in the skull.
Mandible
Name the two types of heat bandages
Sweat wrap or hot poultice
What happens at a heat index of 180?
At 180, there is no natural way for the body to cool itself; internal temperatures will continue to rise, causing heat stress.
What are the 4 types of colic?
Spasmodic, Impaction, Gaseous, Intestinal displacement or torsion
Describe how to halter then lead a horse
From the left side, facing forward, place the lead rope around the horse's neck, slip the halter over the ears then buckle the crownpiece. Always look forward to ensure the horse is following you and never wrap the lead rope around your hand.
Limited movement joints. United by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage. Example: Pelvis and vertebrae
Cartilaginous
Describe the direction legs should be wrapped
Legs should be wrapped front to back and outside to inside, or counterclockwise on the left legs and clockwise on the right legs.
What are the basic principles of conditioning?
Physical development, demand, progressive loading, overloading, rest, nutrition, and peaking.
Describe the steps of giving an IM injection (and what does IM mean).
Ensure the medication is not expired and an injection, select a sterile syringe and needle of the correct length and gauge, clean the injection site with betadine and alcohol. For an intramuscular injection, it will take place at either the neck, thigh, or rump.
Describe how one should act in the barn and what one should wear.
Close-toed shoes should always be worn. Common sense, awareness of your surroundings, planning, responsibility and knowledge are critical when it comes to barn safety. Do not play loud music or run in the barn
Why is the endocrine system central to horse health?
Because it impacts all other systems, for example, it affects the hormones, sleep schedule, digestion, and the stress response of the horse.
List benefits of wound bandaging
Bandaged wounds do not tend to form the same thick, they are less inflamed, less dehydrated, and less contaminated, they are less susceptible to scar tissue.
What are the signs of overloading?
Dull coat, poor appetite, weight loss, lack of energy, disinterest in work or sourness, heat and/or filling in the legs
Describe the similarities and differences between an incision and a laceration.
A laceration is a tear with jagged edges caused by a rough or irregular surface. An incision is a clean cut caused by a sharp object. Both of these injuries will require stitches.
Describe the process of entering a stall with a horse.
When entering a stall, make sure the door is open to its fullest extent. Walk together into the stall and turn the horse to face the door. Do not turn the horse loose as it walks through the door. Once the horse is standing quietly, remove the halter and close and latch the door securely.