Animal Behaviour
Learning through pairing two stimuli, as shown in Pavlov's experiment, is called this.
What is classical conditioning?
The substance that coats alveoli to reduce surface tension.
What is surfactant?
The blue color of tissues caused by low oxygen levels.
What is cyanosis?
The functional unit of the kidney that filters blood.
What is the nephron?
The process of releasing urine from the body.
What is micturition?
Giving a dog a treat when it sits demonstrates this type of operant conditioning.
What is positive reinforcement?
These C-shaped structures provide firmness and flexibility to the trachea.
What are cartilage rings?
Inflammation in the lungs caused by bacteria or viruses.
What is pneumonia?
The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.
What is the ureter?
This type of epithelium lines the bladder, allowing it to stretch.
What is transitional epithelium?
The process where animals stop responding to a repeated stimulus is called this.
What is habituation?
The muscles that contract to raise the ribs and expand the chest during inhalation.
What are intercostal muscles?
This condition occurs when one vocal fold cannot open, causing forced airflow through the larynx.
What is roaring?
This nitrogenous waste is formed from protein breakdown.
What is urea?
Leakage of urine at inappropriate times, more common in females.
What is urinary incontinence?
The cartilage structure at the opening to the major airways, containing vocal folds.
What is the larynx?
The process of air moving into the lungs is called this.
What is inspiration?
Accumulation of white blood cells and mucus thickening the bronchioles, common in horses.
What is heaves?
The part of the kidney that surrounds the glomerulus to filter water and solutes.
What is Bowman’s capsule?
In males, a sharp S-shaped curve in this structure can cause urinary obstruction.
What is the urethra?
The part above the larynx that includes the epiglottis.
What is the supraglottis?
The volume of air left in the lungs to keep alveoli inflated even after exhaling.
What is functional residual capacity?
The abnormal collection of air outside the lungs in the pleural space.
What is pneumothorax?
Kidney condition where normal function fails, causing increased nitrogenous wastes in blood.
What is renal failure?
These two methods are most commonly used to treat dehydration in companion animals.
What are subcutaneous (subQ) and intravenous (IV) fluids?