Cardiac
This class of medication is first-line for secondary prevention after acute coronary syndrome, unless contraindicated.
What are antiplatelet agents
A hospitalized patient with heart failure develops confusion and seizures. Her sodium is 118 mmol/L. The most appropriate initial management is
What is hypertonic saline
Chronic diarrhea is defined as lasting at least this duration
What is 4 weeks
This is the most common reversible contributor to delirium in hospitalized older adults, often outside the brain.
What is infection
This is the preferred insulin regimen recommended by the Endocrine Society for most non-critically ill hospitalized adults with diabetes, unless contraindicated.
What is basal-bolus insulin
This is the most common arrhythmia complicating acute myocardial infarction.
What is ventricular fibrillation
This is the most common cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury
What is acute tubular necrosis
According to the American College of Gastroenterology, this is the initial management for classic GERD symptoms without alarm features.
What is empirical therapy with a proton pump inhibitor
The first-line pharmacologic treatment for overt hepatic encephalopathy in hospitalized patients.
What is lactulose
This class of oral antihyperglycemic agents should generally be avoided in hospitalized patients due to the risk of hypoglycemia, as per the Endocrine Society.
What are sulfonylureas
This is the primary contraindication to fibrinolytic therapy in STEMI.
What is active internal bleeding or a history of hemorrhagic stroke
A 35-year-old presents with hematuria, proteinuria, and a purpuric rash after a recent upper respiratory infection. The most likely diagnosis is
What is IgA nephropathy (Henoch-Schönlein purpura)
Elevation of alkaline phosphatase out of proportion to AST/ALT suggests this type of liver injury
What is the cholestatic pattern
This is the first-line imaging modality for suspected acute ischemic stroke in the emergency department.
What is non-contrast head CT
This life-threatening condition, often triggered by infection or surgery, presents with hypotension, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia
What is adrenal crisis
This intravenous antihypertensive is preferred for rapid blood pressure control in aortic dissection.
What is esmolol
The two most common causes of chronic kidney disease worldwide are
What are diabetes and hypertension
This anatomical landmark separates upper from lower gastrointestinal bleeding and is critical for determining the initial diagnostic approach.
What is the ligament of Treitz
This MRI sequence is most sensitive for detecting acute ischemic changes within minutes of symptom onset.
What is diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)
This is the first-line therapy for severe symptomatic hypercalcemia in the hospital setting.
What is intravenous isotonic saline (volume expansion)
This hemodynamic parameter is typically elevated in cardiogenic shock and can be measured invasively at the bedside.
What is pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
A patient on hemodialysis develops acute shortness of breath and chest pain during treatment. The most likely cause is
What is air embolism
This physical finding, seen as a brownish ring at the corneal margin, is pathognomonic for Wilson disease in the context of liver dysfunction.
What are Kayser-Fleischer rings
A patient presents with right-sided hemiparesis and expressive aphasia. The most likely vascular territory involved is this.
What is the left middle cerebral artery
This is the classic triad required for the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis
hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis