Macedonian Hellenization
Philip II introduced a modified version of this traditional Greek type of warfare to Macedonia and built up a massive infantry force.
hoplite
Philip II had several of these -- perhaps learning the practice of polygamy from the contemporary Persian Empire.
wives
This modern name for a building that houses art or cultural materials is derived from the "temple of the Muses" complex of buildings at Alexandria.
The famous "Alexander Mosaic" depicts Alexander's battle at Issus against this king of the Persian Empire.
Darius III
The Athenian orator Aeschines, the head of a pro-Macedonian faction in Athens, was probably on the payroll of this king of Macedon.
Philip II
Aristotle
When Alexander adopted Persian elements of dress, he could have chosen to wear this garment associated with horseback riding and regarded by Greeks and Macedonians as extremely barbaric.
Scholars and scholar-poets like Apollonius of Rhodes served as Head Librarians of this institution in Egypt.
The Battle of the Hydaspes River was fought in 326 in modern-day Pakistan between an Indian king named King Porus and this Macedonian king.
Alexander the Great
Foreshadowing a new definition of Greekness that characterizes the Hellenistic Period, Isocrates thought that if even people who were not ethnically Greek participated in a Greek style of this, they could be considered Greek.
education or culture (especially language)
According to Plutarch, Alexander kept a copy of this culturally important Greek text under his pillow at night.
The Iliad
Alexander maintained this administrative structure in the newly conquered Persian Empire, but replaced the Persian officials in charge of each of these provinces with Macedonians or Greeks.
satrapies
The beginning of the Hellenistic Period is marked by this watershed event.
the death of Alexander the Great (332)
Not to be confused with the Battle of Coronea (394), this battle of 338 resulted in the end of Greek independence.
Battle of Chaeroneia
In his open letter Philippus, Isocrates appealed to this philosophical and cultural idea when he urged Philip to lead a campaign of "all the Greeks" to invade Persia.
panhellenisim
This Athenian playwright was hosted at the Macedonian court, where he produced the famous play about Dionysus, The Bacchae, as well as a lost play entitled Archelaus.
Euripides
The Persians had a sophisticated system of roads, including the centrally maintained Royal Road; perhaps this early Macedonian king was inspired by Persian practice when he created a road system that made Macedonia more connected to the outside world.
Archelaus
The Idylls written by Theocritus of Sicily often address pastoral or bucolic themes in an idealized way, imagining a charming and carefree version of the lifestyle of people who have this profession.
In this first major battle against the Persians (334), Alexander's life was saved by Cleitus the Black.
Battle of the Granicus
This man, often considered the greatest Classical Athenian orator, tried to urge Athens to lead a preemptive attack against Philip II to stop his imperial ambitions.
Demosthenes
Alexander I claimed that his ancestors came from this Greek city-state as a way to claim he was Greek and should therefore be allowed to compete in the Olympic Games.
Argos
Many Macedonian members of Alexander's entourage were horrified when their king adopted this Persian gesture of respect and deference, reserved in Greek and Macedonian culture for gods only.
proskynesis (or obeisance)
The famous statue of the Dying Gaul shows a typical Hellenistic interest in ethnographic or culturally-specific details, for example by showing the defeated Gaul wearing this traditional item.
torque (a type of necklace)
Alexander's victory in this battle (331) marked the end of meaningful resistance by the Persians to his invasion.
Battle of Gaugamela
Demosthenes gave this series or set of speeches, named after his opponent, in the Athenian Assembly to try to convince his fellow Athenians of the imminent dangers posed by Macedon.