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Variation
Heredity
Overproduction
Adaptations
Surprise!
100
How many types of bacteria are now resistant to antibiotics? a.) about 700 types b.) about 59 types c.) about 24 types d.) about 6 types
c.) About two-dozen types of bacteria are now resistant to one or more types of antibiotics that had previously been effective against them.
100
What is heredity of bacteria?
Heredity of bacteria is the passing of traits of the bacteria to its offspring (from its parent or ancestors).
100
How many offspring can one cell produce in 6 hours?
one cell can produce as many as 500,000 offspring in 6 hours.
100
TRUE or FALSE Antibiotic resistance is a type of drug resistance where a microorganism is able to survive exposure to an antibiotic
TRUE
100
What is Bacteria that can survive antibiotic treatment?
drug-resistant bacteria.
200
How do bacteria evolutionize (change)?
The bacteria change after generations, they adapt to their environment, and become more resistant to be killed by things in the enviroment.
200
What is not a reason bacteria have became drug-resistant? a.)antibiotics are overused. b.)antibiotics are misused. c.)antibiotics become used to the drugs. d.)antibiotics don't want to die so they hide from the drugs.
D.)) Today, antibiotics are overused, and unfortunately antibiotics are often misused, they also become used to the drugs because of these.
200
How long does it take for bacteria to make offspring? a.) 7- 21 days. b.)1-24 hours. c.) 90-180 days d.)1-4 months.
B.) It could take from 1 hour to a day.
200
Yes or No? Have individual bacteria physiologically acclimated to the presence of the antibiotic so that it no longer affects them?
No.
200
True or False Antibiotics work by inhibiting or killing the bacteria living inside of us.
True.
300
in one hospital, initially 5% of the strains of staphylococcal bacteria were resistant to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Within one year, 80% of the bacterial strains were resistant. From 5% to 80% in one year! Why do bacterial populations evolve resistance so quickly?
Two Reasons, 1) in general, bacteria have the capacity to evolve quickly 2) humans are helping them to evolve even faster.
300
How do bacteria pass down the drug resistant traits to their offspring?
Bacteria are constantly evolving and, in the presence of inadequate or inappropriate antibiotics, they develop mechanisms to overcome the killing power of the antibiotic. When they do this, they pass it down to their offspring, so they have the power to overcome the drugs.
300
What leads to the misuse of drugs, which eliminate bacteria, in other countries?
In many other countries, antibiotics are freely available over the counter, without a doctor’s prescription, leading to widespread misuse.
300
How do drug-resistant bacteria evolve?
Antibiotics kill the less resistant bacteria, leaving behind the more resistant bacteria to survive and reproduce. When resistant bacteria reproduce, the genes that make them resistant are passed on to their offspring.
300
True or False The reason antibiotics no longer work (i.e. we do not get better after taking the antibiotic) is that our bodies grow resistant to the drug, so it doesn't kill the bacteria.
False. The reason antibiotics no longer work (i.e. we do not get better after taking the antibiotic) is that the bacteria are no longer inhibited/killed by the drug—they are resistant to the effects of the antibiotic.
400
Can antibiotic resistance develop from acne medication? Yes? No?
YES.. This is true for acne medications that contain antibiotics. Short and long-term use of antibiotics for treatment or prevention of bacterial infections should be under the direction of a physician to ensure appropriate use and detection of resistance.
400
How effective are antibacterial soaps or hand sanitizers? a.)not very effective, unless they have at least 25-40% alchohol. b.)very effective! especially if it say antibacterial on it! c.)sometimes effective, if you use it correctly.
c.) if you do not use the soap or sanitizer too much, or inapropriately, it can be effective...
400
Why are bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics?
Antibiotic use promotes development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Every time a person takes antibiotics, sensitive bacteria are killed, but resistant germs may be left to grow and multiply. Repeated and improper uses of antibiotics are primary causes of the increase in drug-resistant bacteria. While antibiotics should be used to treat bacterial infections, they are not effective against viral infections like the common cold, most sore throats, and the flu. Widespread use of antibiotics promotes the spread of antibiotic resistance. Smart use of antibiotics is the key to controlling the spread of resistance.
400
Are the ancestors of bacteria the same as, or different then their ancestors?
Different. The result is that resistant bacteria differ genetically from their susceptible ancestors.
400
What has happened to make these bacteria resistant to antibiotics?
What has happened is bacterial evolution. Mutations that allow the bacteria to resist the effects of the antibiotic occur and have a selective advantage. These mutations have the type of effects like there is a mutation that results in an altered form of the target site. These resistance characters are often simple mutations
500
TRUE or FALSE All of the following are kinds of infections caused by viruses and should not be treated with antibiotics? Colds and the Flu Sore throats (not strep) All ear infections most coughs and brinchitis.
False, 3/4 are caused by viruses and should not be treated with antibiotics. Only SOME ear infections are.
500
YES OR NO? You body can become drug resistant if your parents' are.
No, this is not true.
500
What is not a way to prevent antibiotic-resistant infections? a.)Do not take an antibiotic for a viral infection like a cold or the flu. b.)Take antibiotics once a day, for 3 months. c.)Do not take antibiotics prescribed for someone else. The antibiotic may not be appropriate for your illness. Taking the wrong medicine may delay correct treatment and allow bacteria to multiply.
B.) Tak antibiotics once a day, for three months. This can make the bacteria in your body resistant to the drugs when you actually need them.
500
You are infected with a bacterial disease. Your sister had this same illness last week, and took a full cycle of antibiotics. She quickly became better. You started taking the same antibiotic, but they had no effect. In fact, you had to return to the doctor after a week, because you did not feel better. What has happened? Why did you remain sick after taking antibiotics, while your sister quickly recovered? There are three possible hypotheses: A) you developed a tolerance for the antibiotic (i.e. you experienced a non-genetic change that made you less sensitive to the effects of the antibiotic). B) the bacteria infecting you developed a tolerance for the antibiotic (i.e. individual bacteria experienced a non-genetic change that made them less sensitive to the effects of the antibiotic). C) the bacteria infecting you evolved to be resistant to the antibiotic (i.e. a genetic mutation for resistance occurred in a bacterial cell, it had a reproductive advantage and increased in the population).
B) the bacteria infecting you developed a tolerance for the antibiotic (i.e. individual bacteria experienced a non-genetic change that made them less sensitive to the effects of the antibiotic).
500
Which is not true. Bacterial populations evolve resistance to antibiotics so quickly because of a.) their fast generation times b.)large population sizes c.) unique methods of gene acquisition. d.)they eat the drug before it kills them.
D, is not true. To summarize, bacterial populations evolve resistance to antibiotics so quickly because of their fast generation times, large population sizes, and unique methods of gene acquisition.