Milk Storage
Housing/Feeding
Processing/Systems
Welfare/Tracking
* BONUS DOUBLE POINTS *
150
How do we store milk today?
By refrigeration using an electric fridge https://drinkmilkinglassbottles.com/the-day-the-milkman-went-away-a-history-of-home-milk-delivery/
150
What type of feed did we use for dairy farming in the 1950s?
Dairy cattle mostly ate hay, grass, along with sometimes grain concentrate like corn or soy. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030217310445#:~:text=Dairy%20producers%20soon%20found%20that,partial%20or%20total%20TMR%20feeding.
150
How did they milk cattle in the 1950s?
They were milked by hand in a small, dark, wooden barn that wouldn't hold all the cattle at once. lancasterfarming.com
150
! FREE POINTS !
+ 150
150
Why do we age cheese?
For flavor, texture, aroma, and preservation. https://www.wisconsincheese.com/the-cheese-life/article/130/aging-cheese
230
In the 1950s, how did we store milk?
By most switching from ice boxes to electric refrigerators https://drinkmilkinglassbottles.com/the-day-the-milkman-went-away-a-history-of-home-milk-delivery/
230
What type of housing and bedding did dairy cattle have during the 1950s?
In the 1950s, they housed cattle in tiestall barns, which were designed to house different types of animals, and were used only seasonally instead of their full lifetime. When dairy cattle were in tiestall barns, the natural bedding they had was a gravel layer with straw to provide comfort for the animals and to add as a drainage layer for the bedding. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030217310305#:~:text=CONVENTIONAL%20BEDDED%2DPACK%20BARNS,2009;%20Benson%2C%202012).
230
How does making milk safe in the 1950s compare to making milk safe now?
None, both heat milk in a process called pasteurization that kills the bacteria to keep the milk safe for drinking.
230
How did farmers track their cattle in the 1950s?
Farmers back in the 1950s either branded/pressed a hot iron on their skin to their cows to track them, or marking their ears to track different cattle. https://nevadamilk.com/blog/how-do-farmers-track-and-monitor-their-cows/
230
What kind of beef do Culver's use for their burgers?
Sirloin-cut and plate. https://www.culvers.com/about-culvers/our-story
350
What was a difference of refrigeration today, and refrigeration during the 1950s?
1950s held less space than today's, and used more energy for refrigeration. https://ncph.org/
350
What type of feed do we use for cattle now?
Cattle today eat TMRs, or total mixed rations, are a blend of grains, proteins, citrus, grass, protein, and vitamins that the cows need for greater milk production. https://extension.umn.edu/dairy-milking-cows/feeding-total-mixed-rations
350
In the 1950s, how did they turn milk into cheese?
They used an old-fashioned kettle that had a copper inside to heat the milk into cheese, and a wooden outside to keep the outside safe and cool. bunkerhillcheese.com
350
How were dairy cattle treated back in the 1950s?
Most lived in small barns and were treated with hand milking, most were focused on individually, and had access to a small pasture. Most weren't aware of what stresses cattle and diseases they have than today. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_farming#:~:text=For%20most%20herds%2C%20milking%20took,at%20Point%20Reyes%20National%20Seashore.
350
Why do we refrigerate milk? ( Answer is not just to keep cold. )
To slow the bacteria growth which results in the milk to spoil. https://www.quora.com/Why-do-we-put-milk-in-the-fridge
420
Why did we switch from glass milk bottles to square wax paper cartons in the 1950s
Because glass bottles weren't as cheap to make, and were heavier, whereas plastic paper cartons were cheaper and lighter to carry. On https://drinkmilkinglassbottles.com/the-day-the-milkman-went-away-a-history-of-home-milk-delivery/
420
What bedding and housing do dairy cattle have now?
Most farmers now house cattle in compost-bedded pack barns because they keep cattle warm and remove moisture that causes odors, also providing more space for dairy cattle to move around in. Dairy cow farmers use compost as bedding because it makes the cows happier by providing comfort that results in high milk production. https://extension.umn.edu/dairy-milking-cows/compost-bedded-pack-barns-dairy-cows
420
How do we milk cattle now?
Some people milk cattle now by using robots which keeps the cows comfortable during milking, making milking easier, and help produce quality milk for a low cost. https://www.lelyna.com/us/solutions/milking/astronaut/
420
How do we track cattle now?
Some farmers use tracking collars, while others use ear tags with trackers inside them. https://nevadamilk.com/blog/how-do-farmers-track-and-monitor-their-cows/
420
How was cheese discovered?
believed to have accidentally been discovered in 8,000 BCE when nomadic people when milk was stored in animal stomachs and then combined in the heat, curdling the milk into cheese. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cheese
550
How do farmers plan on storing milk in the future?
By using large cooling tanks, and advanced cooling systems. https://www.dfamilk.com/stories-inspiration/articles/7-ways-dairy-farmers-support-a-sustainable-future
550
What happened when TMRs for dairy cattle were introduced in the 1950s?
Back then, most dairy farmers didn't think it was worth the cost. Total mixed rations were used early for beef cattle, and most dairy farmers stuck with hay, grass, corn, and soy because it was cheaper. https://dairystar.com/stories/total-mixed-ration-timeline,27385
550
How do we turn milk into cheese today? ( List the steps. DOES NOT HAVE TO BE IN ORDER. )
First heating the milk, then culturing the milk to ferment it, making it more acidic. adding a coagulant to curdle the milk forming curds, separating curds and liquid whey, then cooking the curd to dry it, next draining the whey, then cutting the curds into sections before milling, finally aging the cheese for days or years. https://www.wisconsincheese.com/the-cheese-life/article/130/aging-cheese
550
How are dairy cattle treated now?
Most dairy cows now have larger pastures to graze on than in the 1950s. Scientists now have improved dairy cow breeds for quality and more milk. They also have more knowledge on their emotions and what diseases they can have than 1950s. https://proveg.org/5-pros/pro-animals/cows/
550
What is Allan's favorite cattle?
Auroch Cattle 