Layers of the Earth
Thin, outer layer of the Earth
Crust
Naturally occurring or artificially made?
Naturally occurring
The color of a mineral's powder.
Streak
What does magma and lava have in common?
Both are molten rock
Series of processes that occur on the Earth's surface or crust/mantle that change one type of rock into another type.
The Rock Cycle
Solid and hot layer of the Earth. Largest layer by Volume.
Mantle
Must have definite volume and ____________
shape
How light reflects from a mineral's surface
luster
What is the difference between magma and lava?
-Magma is under the Earth's surface.
-Lava is on the Earth's surface,
Name of process the moves hot water up and colder water down.
Convection
Liquid layer of molten metal. Rotates and creates the Earth's magnetic field.
Outer core
Has a repeating pattern of a mineral's particles
Crystal structure
A mineral's mass divided by its volume
density
A rock formed from solidified magma or lava
Process that slowly moves continents and plates over and under each other.
Convection or plate tectonics
Dense ball of solid metal at the center of the Earth.
Inner core
True or False: Chemical composition varies in a mineral
False
How a mineral splits
cleavage and/or fracture
A rock formed from pieces of rocks and minerals.
Sedimentary Rock
The Earth's crust being made in the middle of the ocean is mostly __________
basalt.
What two metals make up most of the two inner-most layers of the Earth?
Nickel and iron.
Geologists have identified over _________ minerals.
5000 minerals
How easy it is for a mineral to scratch another mineral. Diamonds...
Hardness
A rock that is changed from another rock by heat, pressure, and/or chemistry.
Metamorphic rock
Continents are _______________ on top of the mantle.
floating and/or moving