where most L2 language processing occurs in the brain.
What is the left hemisphere?
100
when past learning interferes with the learner's understanding of new learning, resulting in confusion or errors.
What is negative transfer?
100
bilinguals who never fully acquired one of the languages they were exposed to as children.
What is incomplete or interrupted acquisition of L1?
100
The brain may hold two separate stores for semantics (meaning), one for this type of information and another one for this type of information.
What are image-loaded words and verbal (abstract) words?
100
need to be taught not only the language of the culture, but the sociocultural behaviors and beliefs of the school community.
Who are English language learners?
200
one major factor in determining how difficult the challenge of acquiring a new language will be.
What is the age of the learner?
200
when past learning helps the learner deal with and acquire new learning
What is positive transfer?
200
this group of bilinguals give up their L1 more quickly and completely than adults from the same group.
Who are immigrant children?
200
Prohibits the random arrangement of words in a sentence.
What is syntax?
200
an example is children who come from literate households are more likely to become successful speakers and readers.
What is the role of home and community?
300
the age in which acquiring language within the language-specific areas of the brain diminishes.
What are the middle years of adolescence?
300
sensitivity to the phonology (sound patterns) in the L2 that are not found in the L1
What is one factor of how well an individual acquires L2?
300
this scenario refers to first-generation immigrants whose L1 is firmly in place, who learn the L2 in later years, and ho live almost exclusively in the L2 enviroment.
What is L2 acquisition as a Post-adolescent?
300
an important component of accurate language fluency and eventually, of reading fluency where a syntactic network does not apply and new syntactic network is developed.
What is blocking?
300
a strong predictor of for academic achievement in English.
What is number of years in formal schooling in the L1?
400
composed of phonemes, morphemes, syntax and semantics.
What are all languages?
400
this theory holds that L1 and L2 will exert influences on each other when the L2 is acquired at a later age.
What is the Interaction Hypothesis?
400
this group is more likely to overcome the influences of the L1 and to approximate more closely native L2 speakers in speech productions and sound perception.
Who are children?
400
be, have, do, say, make, go, take, come, see, get (all irregular verbs)
What are the 10 most common verbs in the English language?
400
1. use of L1
2. the nonverbal period
3. telegraphic traits and formulas
4. use L2 productively
What are the four stages of language development?
500
scans of the brain show the two language areas are spatially separated.
What is language acquisition at a later age?
500
Slabakova's illustration of how much mental effort the learner has to expend when comparing similar grammatical features of L1 to L2.
What is the line of difficulty?
500
This has a lasting and measurable benefit for retaining both grammar and phonology of the L1 for future use.
What is speaking a language regularly for several years during early childhood?
500
when the prefix or suffix (case) is placed on the noun to identify the subject and object of the sentence, thus making the word order less important for meaning.
What are scrambling languages?
500
takes an estimated four to seven years to acquire this level of L2