H&P NS

Neuron Anatomy

100

Part of the neuron that receives the incoming signals.

Dendrites

200

dark-staining structures in the neuron cell body that are made of rough ER.

Nissl bodies

300

the site where action potentials are initiated?

axon hillock 

400

What part of the neuron is where the IPSPs are typically located? EPSPs? 

the IPSP- axon hillock

EPSP- soma body

500

explain the structural differences in unipolar, bipolar and multipolar neurons:

unipolar- 1 continuous process

bipolar- 2 processes 

multipolar- most common in CNS, many dendrites >3 processes

CNS VS. PNS

100

what two structures make up the CNS?

brain and spinal cord

200

This division of the PNS contains the somaic and visceral portions that bring information to the CNS?

sensory pns aka afferent

300

Collections of neuron cell bodies in the CNS are called this.

nuclei

400

What are collections of axons called in the CNS? In the PNS?

nerves in PNS. tracts in CNS

500

explain the difference in nerves and tracts. What makes axons in the PNS different from the CNS

nerves in the PNS have schwann cells on them and can regenerte

tracts in the CNS oligodendrocytes make up myelin and regeneration is limited 

AP and Ion channels

100

during depol, what ion rushes into the neuron?

Na+

200

The sodium potassium pump results in the ratio of how many Na and K and where?

3Na+ out

2K+ in

300

This refractory period prevents any new AP from starting no matter what the stimulus is.

Absolute refractory period 

400

This type of potential occurs on the dendrites and soma and do not travel far?

graded potential, decay due to the leakage of charge across the membrane 

500

name the two factors that increase conduction velocity and explain how they work?

increased axon diameter-> less internal resistance and faster conduction

myelination-> insulates the axon allowing saltatory conduction between nodes of ranvier which makes AP propagation more rapid

Neuroglia

100

PNS cells that form myelin sheath

schwann cells

200

These CNS glial cells support and anchor the neuron to capillaries. 

Astrocytes

300

This type of CNS glial lines ventricles and circulates the CSF with long cilia. 

ependymal cells

400

if oligodendrocytes were absent of nonfunctional, what would the results be?

slower AP production causing motor and cognitive disfunction (MS). 

500

if there were a deficiency in the astrocytes in the CNS, what would the results be?

excess extracellular K+, and neurotransmitter regulation which would cause there to be differences in the excitability of neurons, less support and management of neuronal health

Brain anatomy

100

the part of the brain that is responsible for voluntary movements, behavior, personality, and learning 

frontal lobe

200

this part of the brain receives somatic sensory info and filters it before going into the cerebrum. It is the reason you are not aware at all times of the clothing on your body or sitting in a chair.

thalamus

300

name the three cranial nerves responsible for eye movements. Name and roman numeral

III oculomotor, IV trochlear, VI abducens

400

explain the role of the pituitary gland and its relation to the endocrine system? as well as the hypothalamus?

hypothalamus regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, the pituitary gland releases systematic hormones throughout the body which these hormones then regulate other endocrine glands. (you will learn about this next sem

500

list the three layers of the meninges from outermost to innermost and the function.

pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater.

cover and protect, protect BVS, contain CSF, form partitions