Definitions
A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease above its normal expected range in a specific geographic area is called:
Outbreak
What components should be included in the title of a study?
Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
How can you reduce injuries?
Through Education, enforcement, and Engineering.
Approximately 50% of fresh fruits are not imported in the United States, which falls under the jurisdiction of the FDA.
False
What is SIDS?
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
a fatal intestinal
disease, was rampant
during the early 1800s in
London, causing death to
tens of thousands of people
in the area. Was
commonly thought to be
caused by bad air from
rotting organic matter. Was the disease John Snow used the public health approach to minimize a disease burden.
Cholera
What is the difference between a case study and a cross sectional study?
Cohort: A study in which one or more groups who are free of disease at baseline and that differ according to exposure are followed over time for incidence of disease.
Case-control Study: A study in which cases are identified as those with the disease, and a sample of the populations with no disease is the control.
Exposure for all the participants are obtained Retrospectively (the past)
Which act set air quality standards, limited
some major pollutants, and mandated emission reduction of autos and factories and what pollutants does it monitor?
The Clean Air Act
-Particulate matter
– Sulfur dioxide
– Carbon monoxide
– Nitrogen oxides
– Ozone
– Lead
Motor vehicle fatalities ranks highest as the leading cause of alcohol related deaths
True
What virus is Variously called viral gastroenteritis, winter diarrhea, acute non- bacterial gastroenteritis, food poisoning, and food infection, lasts, 12-48 hrs, symptoms include Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, fever, headache. Diarrhea is more prevalent in adults, vomiting more common in children, can come from Raw produce, contaminated drinking water, uncooked foods and cooked foods that are not reheated after contact with an infected food handler; shellfish from contaminated waters
Norovirus
Promote the use of a
scientific knowledge base in
policy and decision making
Policy Development
What is blinding?
Method of ensuring that participants an/or study investigators have no knowledge of whether a study participant has been assigned to the treatment or comparison group.
Which Administration is
Responsible for all other foods, including seafood and produce
– Amount to about 80 percent of federally regulated foods
– Accounting for 66.5 percent of reported foodborne illness
outbreaks
– inspect food, processing facilities under its jurisdiction on average, only once
every 10 years
Food and Drug Administration
Bipolar disorders and clinical depression are more prevalent in women than in men
True
Uncooked fish used in Japanese dishes such as sashimi may carry which of the following agents that causes Herring worm disease?
Parasites
In this stage, people do not intend to take action in the foreseeable future (defined as within the next 6 months).
People are often unaware that their behavior is problematic or produces negative consequences. People in this stage often
underestimate the pros of changing behavior and place too much emphasis on the cons of changing behavior
Pre-Contemplation
In 1980 -1981 four previously healthy young men were diagnosed with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, an unusual "opportunistic" infection that had only been seen in immune compromised people with hereditary disorders or in people with immune compromise due to chemotherapy. The medical histories didn't suggest any preexisting immunodeficiency, but all four men had decreased immune responses and low T cell counts. These unusual infections suggested the possibility of a previously unknown disease. It was noted that all four men were sexually active and were MSM, and in the final report was published in the New England Journal of Medicine the authors speculated that the immune dysfunction was due to a sexually transmitted infectious agent. What kind of study is this?
Case series
Which administrations share the primary responsibility for ensuring that foods are safe, wholesome, and properly labeled?
FDA and USDA
Mortality from injuries is lower in white populations than in the black population
False
Which disease onsets 2-5 days after ingesting. Symptoms includes Diarrhea, cramps, fever, and vomiting; diarrhea may be bloody2-10 days. Can get it from Raw and undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, contaminated water
Campylobacter
This concept is used to help evaluate which exposures are most relevant to the health of a specific population. It is used to help guide the allocation of resources aimed at interventions.
Population Attributable Risk
This study is a large-scale cohort study that began in 2000. It aims to investigate the health of children born in the United Kingdom between 2000 and 2002. The initial population consisted of about 18,000 newborns. They were enrolled in the study shortly after birth, with regular follow-ups, medical examinations, and cognitive assessments to track their physical, social, and cognitive development.The study has generated numerous findings on a wide range of health and social issues. In particular, it has highlighted the importance of early childhood education for cognitive development, and the impact of familial and social factors on children’s health. What kind of study is this?
Cohort Study
The disposal of garbage into open dumps was regulated as a result of which policy?
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
The highest rates of suicide in older adult population is usually associated with depression.
False- anxiety not depression
Shigella Lasts ____
Symptoms include______
Can get it from
24-48 hours
Abdominal cramps, fever, and diarrhea. Stools may contain blood and mucus.
Raw produce, contaminated drinking water, uncooked foods and cooked foods that are not reheated after contact with an infected food handler