Antibodies in cancer diagnosis/treatment
What are monoclonal antibodies?
Many exact copies of one antibody, so that they all have the same precise structure and function
What are the main three cancer treatment options?
Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
What is a clinical trial?
A research study done to evaluate medical approaches in people
What is a health disparity?
When a health outcome is seen to a greater or lesser extent between two different populations
What is the most common type of cancer in the U.S. and can almost always be cured if it’s found early?
Skin cancer
What is the most common antibody in the body?
IgG
What is curative vs palliative treatment?
Curative: cure is therapeutic goal
Palliative: reducing pain/suffering and extending survival time
What is a substance with no therapeutic benefit?
Placebo
What are the two main lifestyle factors to reduce cancer development?
Eating a healthy diet and increasing physical activity
What are the two main types of lung cancer?
Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)
What is the sensitivity of an antibody?
How well an antibody can correctly identify disease
List the three types of radiation in order from highest to lowest energy
Alpha, beta, gamma
What ethical declaration declares research subject participation must be voluntary?
Nuremberg code
What are the top three OVERALL global risk factors?
Smoking, alcohol use, high BMI
What is the mortality rate of breast cancer?
14%
What is the f(c) region of the antibody?
Region that interacts with cell receptors and mediates different physiological effects
What is typically the first choice of imaging for diagnostic radiation oncology?
Computed Tomography (CT)
What population should the clinical trial recruitment demographics reflect?
The population affected by the condition and group most likely to use the medication if approved.
List the six general categories of risk factors associated with cancer health disparities.
Genetic and biological factors, health care access, socioeconomic factors, chemical and physical exposures, diet, physical inactivity
What are the four domains of pediatric psychosocial functioning?
Physical, emotional, cognitive, and familial
What is the approved monoclonal antibody that targets the EGFR pathway and is used for patients with colorectal and head/neck cancer?
Cetuximab (Erbitux®)
What is the most widely used alkylating agent?
Cyclophosphamide
What was a nausea treatment prescribed to pregnant women that was later found to cause severe birth defects and infant death?
Thalidomide
What type of infectious agent can be attributed to 29.5% of hepatocellular carcinoma?
Hepatitis B/C viruses (HBV and HCV)
What subtype of ovarian cancer originates from cells on the surface of the ovary or fallopian tube and has lower survival rates?
Epithelial