Adolescence
Socialization begins in childhood with the family. For this reason, the family is often referred to as the primary agent. What are three examples of a secondary agent of socialization?
School, Media, Religion, Sports, Workplace, etc.
A nuclear family is made up of...
spouses and their dependent children
Socialism- economic system where means of production are collectively owned
Capitalism- economic system where means of production are privately owned
Define Paradigm Shifts.
A major change in the way society understands or views something.
What is intersectionality?
A framework for understanding how multiple social identities overlap and interact to create unique experiences of privilege, discrimination, and/or systemic oppression
According to Allison Davis, socialized anxiety refers to...
the tension and discomfort felt by individuals that motivate and influence behaviour
Adolescents are considered what type of group?
Heterogeneous
Prosocial Behaviour is defined as...
Positive, constructive, and helpful behaviour that is modelled by individuals whose social and personal commitment to help others is at the forefront of their social interactions.
Define cognitive dissonance.
When people's beliefs, values, or behaviours conflict with new information or experiences, creating discomfort that can lead to change.
What was the Heinz Dilemma and how does it demonstrate how moral behaviour is developed in the individual?
Lady was near death and husband tried to raise money for her and steals the drug because the chemist is completely overcharging- moral reasoning and ability to agree with his decision may differ
Elkind's theory of adolescence manifests in two primary mental constructions. What are those two?
Imaginary Audience and The Personal Fable
A mixed union marriage is
a marriage between people of different cultures and races
List at least three reasons why people resist change.
(1) Loss of control, (2) Routines, (3) Economic Insecurity, (4) Fear of the Unknown, (5) Cultural Inertia, and (6) Threat to Power
Explain cultural hegemony.
Antonio Gramsci's theory that society is dominated by the one ruling class and the ruling class's ideas and beliefs are considered the cultural norm
Name one of Kohlberg's stages of moral development
(1) Heteronomous morality, (2) Individual, purpose, and exchange, (3) Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity, (4) Social systems morality, (5) Social contract or utility and individual rights, and (6) Universal ethical principles
Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage of Cognitive Development occurs between what ages?
7-11 years old
Theories that use a macro sociological approach study...
The differences and similarities between generations in society and how their interactions lead to change in society at large
Explain how penicillin came to be and how it contributed to social change.
Alexander Fleming noticed mold killing bacteria by accident and developed penicillin, this dramatically reduced death from infection and changed medicine and life expectancy worldwide.
Name one of the six conditions for social movements.
(1) Structural conduciveness, (2) Structural strains, (3) Generalized beliefs, (4) Precipitating factors, (5) Mobilization of participants for action, and (6) Social control
Who was Nellie McClung? Give at least three points to describe her contribution to social change.
(1) Became involved in women's suffrage movement, (2) Served as a member of the Alberta Legislature, (3) Lead the campaign for women's right to move in Manitoba, (4) Member of the Famous Five, (5) Advocate for equal pay, property and divorce rights, public health, education, healthcare for children, and women's participation in politics, (6) Appointed first women to CBC's Board of Governors
Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory lists seven life stages, along with the developmental stage. According to Erikson, what developmental stage occurs during adolescence (10-20 years)?
Identity versus Identity Confusion
Sociologists point to five important factors that enable young people to make the transition to adulthood. What are those five important factors?
(1) Complete some form of education, (2) Leaving their parent's home, (3) gaining full-time employment, (4) entering romantic relationships with an eye on long-term commitments, and (5) preparing and planning to have children
We looked at Rosa Parks, in terms of individual and social change. Explain what, about her story, provides context for individual and social change.
Individual- refused to give up her seat- 'tired of giving in' (example of an individual act of resistance)
Societal- Bus boycott led to federal court case which ruled the bus segregation as unconstitutional- this led to more non-violent mass protests and more acts of individual change
Name five types of collective behaviour.
(1) Rumour, (2) Urban Legend, (3) Fad, (4) Fashion, (5) Crowd, (6) Mob, (7) Riot, and (8) Social movement
What was the 1929 Persons Case?
Women could not be appointed to senate- initially ruled against them in Supreme Court of Canada- they appealed to British Judicial Committee and the Privy Council ruled that women were legally persons and therefore eligible for appointment to the Senate