Module 5: Earth's Processes
What was the name of the supercontinent that existed approximately 300–200 million years ago?
Pangaea.
The point inside the Earth where an earthquake originates?
The focus (hypocentre).
The name of the natural process that warms Earth's surface through absorption and re-emission of infrared radiation.
The greenhouse effect.
This process involves converting waste materials into new products.
Recycling
This Australian city hosted the first regular-season NFL game ever played in Australia.
Melbourne
The fossilised structures produced by communities of microorganisms, particularly cyanobacteria, called?
Stromatolites.
This type of volcanic eruption is generally associated with highly viscous, silica-rich magma.
An explosive eruption.
What are the three Milankovitch cycles?
Eccentricity, obliquity and precession.
The term for using a resource at a rate that allows it to remain available into the future?
Sustainable use
This new Apple product was announced this month featuring a foldable design and the largest iPhone display ever.
iPhone Duo
Name two characteristics that make a fossil particularly useful as an index fossil?
Wide geographic distribution, short geological time range, abundant during their time, and easily recognizable.
This type of plate boundary causes powerful, shallow earthquakes commonly associated with high magnitude seismic activity on the west coast of the Americas.
Transform boundary.
The two phases of ENSO commonly associated with major changes in Australia's climate.
El Niño and La Niña.
What two metals are commonly extracted from the mineral ores hematite and bauxite?
Iron and aluminium
This legendary British rock band recently announced 16 Australian shows for 2027, its first Australian tour in 15 years?
Radiohead
The two major Large Igneous Provinces associated with the Permian–Triassic and Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction events?
Siberian Traps and Deccan Traps.
A volcanic monitoring technique that measures changes in the shape or elevation of a volcano.
Ground deformation monitoring.
What is the difference between climate mitigation and climate adaptation?
Mitigation addresses the causes of climate change; adaptation reduces the impacts of climate change.
What is the highest priority in the waste hierarchy?
Avoidance/prevention — avoiding the generation of waste in the first place
This superhero stars in the Marvel's newest PlayStation game release, with a famous Australian Actor heavily involved in promoting its release.
Wolverine
An organism is buried and its remains later decay, leaving a cavity in the surrounding sediment. Mineral-rich material subsequently fills this cavity and hardens, producing a three-dimensional replica of the organism. What fossil type does this description represent?
Cast fossil
This volcanic gas is particularly useful for monitoring changes in magma activity, because its concentration often increases as magma rises.
Sulfur dioxide (SO₂).
A coral grows a new layer every year. Scientists measure the oxygen isotope composition of those layers over hundreds of years, and have found that over this time the ratio of ¹⁸O has decreased. What trend does this indicate for sea-surface temperature over this period?
Warmer sea-surface temperature
The three things would need to be considered when determining whether a resource-management strategy is genuinely sustainable.
Its environmental, social and economic impacts.
This Netflix true-crime anthology series previously featuring Jeffrey Dahmer and the Menendez brothers, has recently announced a new season airing this month.
Monster