Nature, Spatial Patterns and Future Directions
What is 'terroir'?
A term which refers to a vineyard's whole growing environment. Comprised of soil, climate (temperature & rainfall), topography (aspect, slope & altitude).
Which of the following shows a combination of political factors that influence the nature and spatial patterns of global economic activity?
A. Tariffs and quotas
B. Consumer demand and resource use
C. Tax rates and the mobility of labour
D. Government spending and changing lifestyles
A. Tariffs and quotas
Which of the following is a positive effect of an increase in mobility of labour and capital on global economic activity?
A. Introduction of tariffs
B. Decline in transfer pricing
C. Greater access to resources
D. Increase in resource management
C. Greater access to resources
What economic enterprise did we study?
Draytons Winery, Pokolbin
What is vitis vinifera?
latin name for type of vine used as the source for nearly all wine production
Define viticulture.
The cultivation and harvesting of grapes.
What does 'BEESTOP' stand for?
Biophysical, Ecological, Economic, Sociocultural, Technological, Organisational, Political
Provide ONE social impact of the viticulture industry.
Employment
Increasingly globalised industry → more profits
‘Beliefs’ around health benefits of wine
Labour exploitation
‘Westernisation’/homogenised landscapes
Excessive and underage drinking
Identify TWO environmental constraints affecting Draytons Wines.
Drought, bushfires, smoke taint, diseases, heatwaves, soil compaction/erosion, excessive rain, hail, frost.
What is phylloxera?
A vine louse that attacks the roots of grape vines and devastated vineyards worldwide in the late 1800's.
Identify TWO old world and TWO new world wine countries.
Old world: Ancient Armenia, Ancient Egypt, Northern-Israel, Greece, Italy, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain.
New world: Mexico, Brazil, Japan, Chile, Argentina, USA, Australia, New Zealand, Algeria, China.
Identify TWO biophysical factors that can impact an economic activity (listed in the syllabus).
Biophysical: climate, soils, topography, site
Provide ONE positive and ONE negative economic impact of viticulture.
Positive: Economic growth, provision of infrastructure
Negative: Transfer pricing
Finish this syllabus dot point:
Internal and external linkages and flows of...
...people, goods, services and ideas
What is loam?
A soil type composed of equal parts sand, silt, clay and organic matter
Outline ONE feature of the spatial patterns of viticulture.
Between the 30th and 50th degrees of latitude in both hemispheres.
In areas with a mean temperature of 10-20°C (19°C for white, 21°C for red).
Adequate rainfall 700mm/year.
North and west-facing slopes needed for more direct sunlight in the southern hemisphere (opposite in northern).
Identify ALL FOUR political factors that can impact an economic activity (listed in the syllabus).
Political: quotas, tariffs, compacts, agreements
Identify TWO resources that may become depleted as a result of the overuse by the viticulture industry.
Land (soil, land clearing)
Water (overuse)
Fill in the blanks to complete this syllabus dot point:
A [blank] study of an economic enterprise operating at a [blank] scale.
a geographical study of an economic enterprise operating at a local scale.
What do grape skins do for wine making?
the source of the color in red wine
Identify all eight steps in the winemaking process.
1. Harvesting of grapes →
2. Crushing →
3. Mixture of juice, skins and seeds, yeast →
4. Fermentation →
5. Pressing →
6. Clarification and stabilisation →
7. Storage (stainless steel or oak barrels) →
8. Bottling
Provide an example of how ecological factors could impact the viticulture industry.
E.g. Increasing pest resistance to existing chemical interventions → organic methods e.g. companion planting.
Outline transfer pricing with an example.
Transfer pricing: a large TNC shifting profits from a high-tax country to a low-tax country to increase the amount of money they make by reducing the amount of tax they have to pay
E.g. Chilean wine industry: Continued rises in company tax rate → attempts to transfer company profits to other countries such as the Cayman Islands where there is no company tax payable → less gov. tax revenue → poor infrastructure in Chile (links to social impacts).
Identify THREE locational factors impacting Draytons Wines.
Climate, soil, pests, tourism, accessibility, road access (highways).
What wine does Burgundy, France produce?
the ancestral home of Pinot Noir, considered to be one of the world's best wine regions